Learning 1
Learning 2
Reinforcement and Punishment
Memory 1
Memory 2
100

What is learning?

the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors 

100

What are the two ways in which cognitive learning occurs? 

observing events and others and using language to acquire information about events experienced by others 

100

What gains its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer?

Secondary conditioned reinforcer

100

What is the mental processes that enable us to acquire, retain, and retrieve information?

Memory

100

What type of memory provides temporary storage for information transferred from sensory and long-term memory? 

Short-term memory

200

What is the gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of conditioned behavior?

Extinction

200

What reflects visual processing and mentally represents the actions of others?

Mirror neurons 

200

What is it called when a reward always follows the behavior?

Continuous reinforcement

200

What is the process of getting memory out of storage? 

Retrieval 

200

What type of memory stores information just long enough for us to pay attention to it?

Sensory memory

300

What law describes behaviors leading to a pleasant event are strengthened and behaviors leading to an unpleasant event are weakened?

Thorndlike’s Law of Effect

300

What type of learning occurs in the absence of reinforcement?

Latent learning

300

What is positive punishment? 

adding something undesirable

300

What is the rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information to help encode and transfer it to long-term memory? 

Elaborative rehearsal

300

What category of long-term memory includes memories of particular events? 

Episodic memory

400

What kind of conditioning involves a new stimulus becoming associated with a conditioned stimulus, acquiring the ability to elicit a response even without direct pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

Higher order conditioning 

400

What is a relatively simple, unlearned behavior, governed by the nervous system, that occurs automatically when the appropriate stimulus is presented

Reflex

400

What schedule rewards after specified number of responses? 

Fixed ratio schedule

400

What is the unconscious encoding of incidental information such a space, time, and frequency?

Automatic processing

400

What is called when someone incorporates misleading information into one’s memory of an event? 

Misinformation effect

500

Who was famous for the Bobo Doll Study and believes most human behavior is acquired through observational learning? 

Albert Bandura

500

What is the initial stage of learning the association? 

Acquisition

500

What schedule rewards after an unpredictable amount of time? 

Variable interval schedule

500

What type of amnesia is for events or facts from before a critical event? 

Retrograde amnesia

500

What is it called when new learning interferes with the storage and retrieval of previously formed memories? 

Retroactive interference