Language
What do babies do that help the pronunciation of consonants?
Babbling
What is theory of mind?
A theory of mind includes the knowledge that others' beliefs, desires, intentions, emotions, and thoughts may be different from one's own
What is a group?
Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as “ us”
What is a schema?
a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.
What is semantics?
Branch of linguistics that focuses on meaning
Describe what happens during the mind in the eyes test?
Photographs of male and female eyes depicting emotional states. For each photograph, participants are asked to choose the emotional state that best describes the eyes, choosing between one of four possible emotions
What is conformity?
A change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure
What is developed during the sensorimotor stage?
Kids develop coordination of senses to motor responses. Language is used for demands and cataloguing and object permanence is developed
Describe the universal grammar theory
If human beings are brought up under normal conditions (not those of extreme sensory deprivation), then they will always develop language with certain properties. Ex. Most languages are SVO
What is the relationship between the volume of the neocortex and living in groups?
The larger the neocortex, the more social an animal is
List and explain three factors that predict conformity
Group size (3-5 members is stronger), cohesion (cohesive and homogenous groups have a stronger influence), and unanimity (if everyone agrees it is harder for someone to deviate from the rest of the group).
Explain what the errors of conservation and egocentrism and in what stage they are found
Conservation (children at this stage are unable to realize that even though the appearance of something may change, it actually remains the same), and egocentrism (the child is unable to see things from anyone else's point of view but their own )
preoperational
Explain three pieces of evidence that language is not learned through general learning mechanisms. Give an example of at least one.
Instruction, Imitation, Reinforcement
Describe some of the failures of social cognition in individuals with autism
They tend to fail the false-belief test (Sally-Anne), and their scores on the mind in the eyes test are worse than controls.
List three conclusions Asch's line experiment showed.
Most people will agree with the rest of the group even if they know they are wrong to avoid being the outlier, anonymity allows the participant to deviate from the group without them knowing, and if there is at least one person that is willing to disagree, others will follow.
What are some challenges to the constructivist view of development?
9 months of development/experiences prior to birth Infants prefer their mother’s voice at birth. They can’t be a blank slate Infants prefer segment of book they were read prior to birth