Genetics
This term describes the phenomenon when one gene can influence the expression of another gene, as seen in Labrador coat color.
What is epistasis?
This type of trait, influenced by many genes and measurable on a continuous scale, includes characteristics like milk yield and weaning weight.
What is a quantitative trait?
Artificial insemination is heavily used in the dairy industry, but less common in these 2 animals?
What are beef and sheep?
This hormone, secreted by developing ovarian follicles, helps prepare the female body for breeding.
What is estrogen?
This is the first milk produced after birth, rich in antibodies to provide immunity to the newborn.
What is colostrum?
This is the type of inheritance where both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, such as roan color in cattle.
What is co-dominance?
This type of breeding, less restrictive than inbreeding, involves mating animals to maintain a high genetic relationship to a specific ancestor.
What is linebreeding?
This is the end goal of reproductive cloning.
What is to obtain a genetically identical, cloned animal?
These are the primary reproductive organ of the male and female.
What are the testes and ovaries?
Milk contains these classes of nutrients.
What is all 6 (water, lipids, proteins, carbs, minerals, and vitamins)?
Meiosis results in this many of this type of cell due to two rounds of cell division.
What is 4 haploid cells?
Inbreeding depression can be associated with a decrease in this.
What is heterozygosity?
This reproductive technology allows for the transfer of embryos from a genetically superior female to another female, maximizing the genetic potential in offspring.
What is embryo transfer?
Sheep are these kinds of breeders, and this is what stimulates the production of GNRH in sheep.
What are short-day breeders and melatonin?
This feature of the mammary gland protects the internal environment from pathogens, and this is the condition that can result from the pathogens infiltrating despite this mechanism.
What is the Streak/teat canal and mastitis?
This law, formulated by Mendel, states that during the formation of gametes, each allele separates independently so that each gamete receives only one allele of each pair.
What is the law of segregation?
This is the average age of parents when their offspring are born and will eventually reproduce, affecting the rate of genetic improvement.
What is generation interval?
This form of biotechnology involves the manipulation of DNA to produce animals with genomes that cannot occur naturally.
What are transgenic organisms?
This is the layer of the uterus that thickens and changes in response to hormones.
What is the endometrium?
This forms the intramammary groove and separates the left and right halves of the udder.
What is the median suspensory ligament?
Erect ears in pigs are a dominant trait over floppy ears. A floppy eared pig was bred with a homozygous dominant (EE) erect eared pig, and this is the percentage of offspring would display erect ears.
What is 100%?
The increase in productivity observed in hybrid offspring, due to greater heterozygosity, is also known by this term.
What is hybrid vigor or heterosis?
These are 2 strategies to synchronize estrus.
What is natural, like weaning, and artificial with an ovulation synchronization program?
Sperm must reach this portion of the female reproductive tract for fertilization to occur. Timing wise, this ideally comes after ovulation of an ovum from a pre-ovulatory follicle. The ovulated follicle then becomes which structure that produces progesterone.
What is the oviduct and corpus luteum?
These cells in the alveoli are responsible for contracting and pushing milk into the ducts for "let down."
What are myoepithelial cells?