Moderation and Mediation
What is a main effect?
Overall effect of one IV on the DV
What is a factorial experiment?
A study in which there are two or more IVs (factors)
Why can’t a ‘Quasi-experiment’ make causal claims?
It does not have random assignment, so it is not an experiment
What does WEIRD stand for?
Western, education, industrialized, rich, democratic
What is the file drawer effect?
Studies with significant results are more likely to be published
What is an interaction effect?
The effect of the IV on the DV depends on levels of other IV
In a 2x2 design, the number of possible condition is ___; the number of IVs is ___
4 conditions, 2 IVs
A cross-sectional study involves analysis of data collected ____?
At one specific point in time
College students are what type of sample
Convenience
What are some examples of research misconduct?
Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism
What are the effects of moderators on relationships? (3)
Strengthen or weaken effects/relationships
Promote or dampen effects/relationships
Exacerbate or protect effects/relationships
What are the strengths of factorial experiments?
Allows us to test whether the effect of interest generalized to other population or situations. (high external validity)
Can test complex theories
What are some weaknesses of a longitudinal study? (4)
Not good for studying rare IVs (would need a very large sample)
Expensive
Attrition
What is one problem with online research?
It is not always generalizable to a larger population, up to 25% are “suspicious” or “fraudulent”
What is p-hacking?
When researchers manipulate their study to increase the chance of a significant result (Changing data, arbitrarily removing outliers, only presenting significant results, etc.)
Moderation asks ___, ___, and ____does the phenomenon happen; Meditation asks ___ and ___ does the phenomenon happen
When, where and for whom; how and why
In a study we are testing burger preferences. The IVs are bun type (regular v whole wheat) and cheese type (cheddar, swiss or no cheese) this is an example of a __x__ factorial experiment
2x3
What type of study is good for studying rare outcomes?
Case-control studies
How do you synthesize conflicting information
Look at several sources, consider what each source is or is not telling you, look at the data and is the vast majority of data pointing in one direction
How do you enhance scientific rigor?
Publish both null and significant findings, describe research designs in sufficient detail, design and conduct studies that have significant statistical power
The goal of moderation is to ____; the goal of mediation is to ____
Understand contingencies, dependencies or limits; to understand the processes of the phenomenon
The number of possible conditions in a factorial experiment is the product of ___
The IVs and their levels
This study involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time:
Longitudinal study
What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) aim to measure?
It captures unconscious reactions to stimuli. Debatable whether it captures implicit bias or racism
When is a study peer reviewed in a registered report?
Before data collection and after the written report