Eyewitness Memory
These two mental processes play a crucial role in eyewitness testimony
What are perception & memory
Someone who has specialized knowledge on a topic relevant to the legal issue at hand
What is an expert witness
The ability to be a juror in a capital case
What is death qualified
What is Manson v Brathwaite (1977)
These four components are required in Miranda warnings
What is right to remain silent, anything you say can be used in court, right to an attorney, attorney will be provided for you
Duration of exposure, frequency of exposure, and pace of events are examples of
What are estimator variables
The initial standard for expert witness testimony, known as general acceptance
What is the Frye standard
These circumstances increase the severity of a crime and can lead to a harsher sentence
What are aggravating factors
This case set the current standard for determining whether expert witness is admissible in court
What is Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)
These two prongs make up the Dusky standard of competence
What are adjudicative and decisional competence
Misinformation effect and confidence malleability are examples of
What are system variables
This standard considers relevancy, legal sufficiency, and reliability
What is the Daubert standard
These circumstances lessen the severity of a crime and can lead to a lighter sentence
What are mitigating factors
This court case clarified that technical testimony is held to the same standards as scientific testimony
What is Kumho Tire Co. Ltd. v Carmichael (1999)
This verdict finds the defendant criminally responsible, but puts an emphasis on their need for mental treatment
What is Guilty but Mentally Ill (GBMI)
This interview method is designed to reduce system variables and improve accuracy through less interruptions, no leading questions, and allows the witness to control the conversation
What is the Cognitive Interview
The tendency for experts to lean in favor of the side that hired them
adversarial bias or adversarial allegiance
A two step process in deciding guilt and capital sentencing
What is a bifurcated trial
This court case ruled against those with intellectual disabilities receiving the death penalty
What is Atkins v Virginia (2002)
What are callous-unemotional traits
This type of pretrial identification is shown to be the most effective in reducing false identification
What are sequential lineups
Experts should avoid giving their opinion on this, despite it often being requested by the court
What is the ultimate legal issue
This type of punishment reduces crime by changing the individual's behavior
What is rehabilitation
This court case ruled against those under 18 receiving the death penalty
What is Roper v Simmons (2005)
These three types of statements are different ways to communicate risk