Policing Foundations
What country heavily influenced early American policing systems?
What is Great Britain?
What legal standard means an officer believes a crime has been or will be committed?
What is probable cause?
What type of courts handle misdemanor cases?
What are courts of limited jurisdiction?
What type of policing emphasizes partnerships and problem-solving within communities?
What is community policing?
Who represents the state in a criminal trial?
Who is the prosecutor?
Who created the London Metropolitan Police and is considered the father of modern policing?
Who is Sir Robert Peel?
What legal document allows police to search a person's property?
What is a warrant?
What burden of proof is used in CIVIL court cases?
What is the preponderance of the evidence?
Which group is disproportionately affected by stop-and-frisk practices according to research?
Who are people of color?
Who is responsible for determining sentences in court?
Who is the judge?
During which policing era were officers primarily on foot patrol and engaged in both crime control and social services?
What is the Political Era?
What exception allows police to enter a home without a warrant when someone's life is in danger?
What are exigent circumstances?
What type of courts are concerned with facts and evidence in a case?
What are trial courts? (or original jurisdiction)
What type of force involves the use of pepper spray or mace?
What is chemical force?
What type of sentencing gives a fixed, specific length of time?
What is determinate sentencing?
Which policing era introduced professionalism and emphasized law over politics?
Who is the Reform era?
What doctrine allows warrantless searches of vehicles under certain conditions?
What is the Carroll Doctrine?
What types of courts review cases for legal errors and procedural fairness?
What are appellate courts?
What term refers to officers who passively engage in corruption?
What are grass-eaters?
What type of evaluation examines an applicant's financial responsibility and debt behavior?
What is a credit check?
Which policing era focuses on technology, data analysis, and intelligence-led strategies?
What is the Information Era?
What rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court?
What is the exclusionary rule?
What stage of the court process involves formally informing the defendant of the charges against them?
What is the initial appearance?
True or False: "Defund the police" always means eliminating police departments entirely.
What is false?
Who is responsible for following a case through to investigation?
Who is the detective?