Chapter 10
(Biotechnology)
(Biotechnology)
This field involves using artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms to create new traits.
Biotechnology
This scientist published the Origin of Species, a book that outlined the theory of evolution by natural selection by working with Finches
Charles Darwin
This term refers to the evolutionary history and relationships among species used to create trees of life
Phylogeny
These earliest life forms from 3.5 billion years ago were multi-layered sheets of mostly bacteria and some archaea
Microbial Mats
These plants lack vascular tissue and have specialized cells that transports water/nutrients WHILE these plants have vascular tissue that transports water/nutrients
Nonvascular & Vascular Plants
This type of species is studied to help scientists understand biological processes in other organisms
Model Organisms
These are traits that match the organism's environment
Adaptations
This method is used to sort organisms into clades or groups of organisms that are most closely related to each other and the ancestors
Cladistics Method
These eukaryotic organisms have a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles but do not fit into the animal, plant, or fungi kingdoms
Protists
These two adaptations help plants reproduce successfully on land: one allows male gametes to travel long distances, while the other protects and nourishes the embryo and enables dormancy until conditions are favorable
Pollen & Seeds
This gene-editing technology allows scientists to precisely change DNA sequences in living organisms
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
These structures share a common ancestor and are similar due to evolutionary relationships and not independently
Homologous Structures
This is a key used to identify species based on a series of choices between alternative characteristics and is important for field biologists
Dichotomous Key
This theory suggests that eukaryotes are a product of one prokaryotic cell engulfing another
Endosymbiotic Theory
These three advantages explain why plants evolved and were able to thrive on land
Abundant Sunlight, Available Carbon Dioxide, No Predators
This term refers to the entire set of proteins produced by a cell type with being field of study focuses on analyzing the structure and function of all proteins in a cell
Proteome & Proteomics
This is the ultimate source of genetic variation in all populations for evolution
Mutation
These structures arise when similar traits evolve independently due to convergent evolution and not because of a close common ancestor
Analogous Structure
These are the fruiting bodies of fungi above ground, WHILE these are the slender thread-like structures underground and are essential decomposers of ecosystems
Mushrooms & Hypha/Mycelium
These seed plants are characterized by naked seeds (Cones) WHILE these seed plants are characterized by flowering plants
Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
These are the 4 principles of Bioethics
Autonomy, Beneficence (Best Interest), Nonmaleficence (Do Not Harm), Justice
This type of speciation occurs when populations become geographically separated and gene flow stops between them WHILE this type occurs when new species evolve from the same geographic area without physical separation (reproductive isolation)
Allopatric & Sympatric
This term describes a trait found in all members of a group WHILE this term describes traits that evolved more recently in a common ancestor and are shared by some descendants
Shared Ancestral Character & Shared Derived Character
These are the three basic shapes used to classify prokaryotes
Spherical, Rod-Shaped, Spiral (Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla)
These are the two major groups of flowering plants, distinguished by traits such as the number of seed leaves, leaf venation, and flower parts
Monocots & Dicots