GI & Nutrition in Aging
Loneliness alone is linked to what percentage decline in calorie intake among older adults?
30%
This hyperosmolar condition typically affects older adults with Type 2 Diabetes, presents with glucose levels from 600 to 1,000 mg/dL, and features absent or mild ketosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)
These specific joint nodes are located on the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints near the fingernails in Osteoarthritis.
Heberden’s nodes
This oral anti-gout medication must be stopped immediately if the patient develops a new skin rash or fever due to the risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
Allopurinol
A provider orders a Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) infusion rate of 50 mL/hr. Over a 24-hour shift, how many total milliliters of TPN will the patient receive?
1,200mL (50mL/ hr x 24 hr)
This rapid-acting protein lab marker reflects nutritional status over the past few days (normal range: 15–36 mg/dL).
Prealbumin
A mere 1% reduction in HbA1c leads to this percentage reduction in microvascular complications.
35%
Sudden, excruciating night pain and erythema in the first metatarsophalangeal joint (great toe) is known as this condition.
Gout (Podagra)
Patients taking Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) for SLE require routine ophthalmology exams every 6 to 12 months due to the risk of this irreversible complication.
Retinal toxicity (macular damage)
A patient with chronic alcohol intake is limited to a maximum Acetaminophen dose of 2g/day. If Acetaminophen is supplied in 500mg tablets, what is the maximum number of tablets the patient can receive in 24 hours?
4 tablets (2,000mg \ 500mg/tablet)
When infusing Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) with lipid emulsions, this specific filter size is mandatory to prevent embolisms.
1.2-micron filter
In acute Refeeding Syndrome, this electrolyte drop is considered the hallmark sign that leads to impaired ATP production.
Hypophosphatemia
Unlike RF, this lab test is considered the most specific marker (>95% specificity) for confirming Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Anti-CCP (Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide)
Ketorolac (Toradol) administration is strictly limited to a maximum of how many days total due to severe GI and renal toxicity risks?
5 days
A patient with Gout is instructed to drink 2.5 liters of water daily to prevent renal stones. Convert 2.5 liters to milliliters.
2,500mL (2.5 L times 1,000mL/L)
If a patient's TPN bag is delayed from the pharmacy, you should hang this solution immediately to prevent severe hypoglycemia.
10% Dextrose in Water (D10W)
This autonomic neuropathy complication causes severely delayed gastric emptying, requiring small, low-fat, low-fiber meals.
Gastroparesis
Name the classic clinical triad of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Fever, Joint Pain, and Rash
Prior to initiating treatment with TNF-inhibitor biologic DMARDs (e.g., Adalimumab), patients must be screened for this latent infection.
Tuberculosis (TB)
An order reads: Regular Insulin 10 units IV push STAT. The vial is labeled Regular Insulin 100 units/mL. How many milliliters of insulin should be drawn into the syringe?
0.1mL (10 units \ 100 units/mL)