Bone Anatomy & Function
The two main groups of the human skeleton based on location are the appendicular skeleton and __.
What is the axial skeleton?
This dense connective tissue membrane surrounds cartilage like a girdle, helping it resist outward expansion and supplying nutrients via blood vessels.
What is perichondrium?
This is the "large hole" in the occipital bone through which the brain connects with the spinal cord.
What is the foramen magnum?
These S-shaped collarbones act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally.
What are the clavicles?
Fibrous joints are connected by dense fibrous connective tissue and lack this structure.
What is a joint cavity?
This hormone, secreted by bones, helps regulate insulin, glucose, and metabolism.
What is osteocalcin?
This type of cartilage is the most abundant in the body and provides support, flexibility, and resilience with collagen fibers only.
What is hyaline cartilage?
These paired bones fuse medially to form the upper jaw and hold the upper teeth in alveolar processes.
What are the maxillae (maxillary bones)?
This bone of the lower leg is medial, bears weight, and transmits that weight from the femur to the foot.
What is the tibia?
Temporary epiphyseal plate joints are classified structurally as this type of synchondrosis.
What is a synchondrosis?
Besides support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, and hormone production, bone cavities also serve as a major storage site.
What is a triglyceride?
This type of cartilage growth involves chondrocytes within lacunae dividing and secreting new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within.
What is interstitial growth?
Known as the "keystone" bone of the cranium because it articulates with all other cranial bones, it features a prominent sella turcica.
What is the sphenoid bone?
This specific carpal bone frequently fractures when a person falls on an outstretched hand, often leading to poor blood supply and necrosis.
What is the scaphoid?
The inner layer of the articular capsule is this membrane, which secretes slippery synovial fluid.
What is the synovial membrane?
In a typical long bone, this region represents the tubular shaft that forms the long axis and surrounds the medullary cavity.
What is diaphysis?
This method of cartilage growth involves cartilage-forming cells in the perichondrium secreting matrix against the external face of existing cartilage, adding new layers to the surface.
What is appositional growth?
This tiny canal in the temporal bone is the specific passageway for the internal carotid artery.
What is the carotid canal?
This main structural difference between male and female pelves is formed by the pubic rami.
What is the pubic arch?
In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse into closed, immovable joints referred to by this term.
What are synostoses?
This double-layered membrane covers the external bone surface and includes an inner layer of stem cells that grow into bone cells.
What is the periosteum?
Occurring during normal bone growth in youth (and sometimes in old age), this process involves hardening of the cartilage, though it is crucially not the same thing as bone.
What is calcification of cartilage?
Internally, the cranial base is divided into these three distinct "steps" or depressions where the brain sits.
What are the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae?
This main structural difference between male and female pelves is formed by the pubic rami.
What is the sacrum?
A joint that allows slipping movements only, with no axis around which movement occurs, is classified this way.
What is nonaxial?