Name that bias
You judge how common something is by how easily examples come to mindYou judge how common something is by how easily examples come to mind
Availability heuristic
Spearman’s single underlying factor, known by one letter.
g, general intelligence
The Big Five trait that best predicts job performance, grades, and even longevity
Conscientiousness
Name all three components of an emotion
Physiological arousal, expressive behavior, conscious experience
The model that treats biological, psychological, and social factors as working together rather than competing.
The biopsychosocial model
A car salesman opens with a wildly high sticker price before negotiating
Anchoring
Intelligence is measured from analytical, creative, and practical intelligence. What theory?
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Eysenck’s explanation for why the introvert leaves the party after twenty minutes.
Introverts have higher baseline cortical arousal, so the party pushes them past their comfortable level
Primary appraisal has three possible verdicts. Name them
Harm or loss, threat, challenge
British civil servants, all employed, all with health care — and mortality still rose step by step as job grade fell. Explain the study.
Whitehall; rules out lack of access, and rules out absolute poverty
Ground beef labeled 80 percent lean outsells identical beef labeled 20 percent fat
Framing
Gardner proposed eight or more independent intelligences. What’s the main evidence problem with the independence claim?
Several of them correlate with each other, which is what g predicts
What do we know about birth-order effects?
You drink three cups of coffee, then meet someone attractive, and conclude you’re very into them. What’s the name for this
Misattribution of arousal
The cumulative wear from running the stress response too often, too long, or failing to shut it off.
Allostatic load
You’re certain you’ll finish the paper in two hours, exactly as you were the last four times you didn’t.
Overconfidence
Why does a vague, flattering personality description feel uniquely accurate?
The Barnum effect
Everyone becomes more conscientious with age describes which kind of stability or change
Mean level change
Why is a polygraph not always accurate?
Fear of being caught and fear of being disbelieved
What’s the difference between social isolation and loneliness?
Isolation is objective — how many people you interact with. Loneliness is the gap between the connection you want and the connection you have
Told about a neat, problem solving, detail-oriented man, most people guess lawyer over farmer, even though farmers vastly outnumber lawyers
Representativeness
Name the three standards any psychological test must meet, and say which one the MBTI most clearly fails
Standardization, reliability, validity — it fails reliability
For which traits are other people better judges of you than you are, and for which are you better
Others are better on visible, evaluative traits like extraversion. You’re better on internal ones like neuroticism and anxiety.
People held a pen in their teeth and rated cartoons as funnier. What was the hypothesis?
Facial feedback.
What do large, well-conducted studies find about positive attitude and cancer survival — and what IS supported?
Attitude does not meaningfully predict survival; psychological support does improve quality of life and coping