Replication
What element is found in DNA that is not found in protein?
Phosphorus
What is the main enzyme involved in transcription?
RNA polymerase
What are the monomers of polypeptides?
Amino acids
The longest phase of the cell cycle
Interphase
Chromosomes that don't carry the same genes are called...
What type of bonds hold nitrogenous bases together in a DNA double helix?
Hydrogen bonds
Is the promoter upstream or downstream of the transcription unit?
Upstream
What are the nucleotide triplets in tRNA called?
Anticodons
Loosely arranged strings of DNA and protein
Chromatin
If a female giraffe has a chromosome number of 40, what's the chromosome number of her egg?
20
Strand that is synthesized away from the replication fork
Lagging strand
In what direction does the main transcription enzyme move down a DNA strand to make RNA?
3'->5'
What is a mutation that results in a stop codon?
Nonsense point mutation
During what phase of the cell cycle is the centrosome duplicated?
G2 of interphase
In what phase do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase II
Protein that joins Okazaki fragments to seal the DNA backbone
Ligase
What additional proteins are needed for transcription to occur in eukaryotes that are not present in prokaryotes?
Transcription factors
What type of reaction occurs during termination of translation to release the polypeptide from the ribosome?
Hydrolysis
What is the groove in the middle of the cell that forms at the end of telophase?
Cleavage furrow
By what process do tetrads form and in what phase?
Synapsis during Prophase I
Where does DNA polymerase add nucleotides during replication? (Be specific.)
To the free 3' OH on an RNA primer
What are the three post-transcriptional processing steps that turn pre-mRNA into mRNA?
What enzyme adds amino acids to tRNAs?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
During what phases of the cell cycle does a chromosome consist of two identical chromatids?
From the end of S phase to the end of metaphase
What are the three methods by which meiosis produces genetic variation?
1. Independent assortment 2. Crossing over 3. Random fertilization