Show:
Phylogenies
Diversity
More diversity
More phylogenies
Short Answer
100

Which of the following best describes the phylogenetic relationship between chlorophytes and charophytes?

  1. paraphyletic

  2. polyphyletic

  3. monophyletic

  4. sister taxa

1. paraphyletic

100

Microphylls are present in which of the following?
a) lycophytes and horsetails

b) gymnosperms

c) angiosperms

d) ferns

a) lycophytes and horsetails

100

This bryophyte can be used as fuel and is really good for preserving dead bodies.

What is sphagnum moss (peat moss)?

100
Using the phylogeny on the board, identify a paraphyletic group, polyhyletic group, and monophyletic group.

See board

100

For what purposes were roots evolved by vascular land plants? How did these adaptations help with survival on land?

Roots were evolved to anchor vascular plants in soil and absorb nutrients and water. 

200


PHYLOGENY ON BOARD Which node represents the most recent common ancestor between taxa D, E, F, and G?

  1. node 1

  2. node 2

  3. node 3

  4. node 4

1. node 1

200

Nitrogen fixation is unique to which of the following?

  1. protists

  2. prokaryotes

  3. fungi

  4. slime molds

2. prokaryotes

200

This group of land plants does not contain vasculature and requires a wet environment to reproduce.

What are the bryophytes?

200

Are reptiles monophyletic?

No!

200

Why are charophytes sister to land plants? What characteristics do they share?

All green algae share characteristics with land plants such as rings of cellulose synthesizing structures, the formation of a phragmoplast, chlorophyll a,b, and carotenoids, and cellulose in their cell walls.

300

Which of the following nodes represents a polytomy?

  1. node 2

  2. node 3

  3. node 5

  4. node 7

4. node 7

300

Hornworts and mosses are different from liverworts in that:

  1. they have stomata, whereas liverworts have pores

  2. they have pores, whereas liverworts have stomata

  3. they are not different from each other; they all have pores

  4. they are not different from each other; they all have stomata

1. they have stomata, whereas liverworts have pores

300

Red algae, green algae, and brown algae are all contained in which of the following clades?

  1. SAR

  2. Archaeplastida

  3. Unikonta

  4. They are not in the same clade

  5. None of the above

4. They are not in the same clade

300

How are phylogenies created? Name 2 ways.

-DNA sequencing

-Morphology

Which is more accurate?

300

Explain what traits charophytes evolved in order to survive the move to land. How were any problems associated with these adaptations mitigated?

-cuticle (for what?)--causes problems with gas exchange. Mitigated through evolution of stomata and roots to obtain water and nutrients from the soil as well as gas exchange

-vascular tissue (for what?)

-pollen and seeds (for what?)

400

A polytomy can be described as:

  1. a common ancestor and some of its descendents 

  2. a common ancestor and all of its descendents

  3. no shared common ancestors

  4. an unresolved pattern of divergence

4. an unresolved pattern of divergence

400

Which of the following land plants are characterized by requiring a moist environment to reproduce?

  1. bryophytes

  2. fungi

  3. ferns

  4. more than one of the above

  5. all of the above

4. more than one of the above

Which ones specifically?

400

Define megaphyll and microphyll. Which land plants have which?

microphyll- leaves with one vein

megaphyll- leaves with more than one vein (reticulate)

mega- ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms,

micro- horsetail, lycophytes

400

Give an example of a trait that is homologous and an example of a trait that is analagous. How do you know? 

N/A see notes for examples

400

What does it mean for the sporophyte to be dependent on the gametophyte?

The sporophyte relies on the gametophyte for nutrition.

500

Which domain is Bacteria most closely related to?

Eukarya and Archaea

500

Which of the following are sporophyte dominant?

  1. lycophytes

  2. charophytes

  3. liverworts

  4. mosses

  5. all of the above

1. lycophytes

500

How do the life cycles of ferns and bryophytes differ?

Bryophytes produce spores which differentiate into the male and female gametophytes. Ferns only produce one gametophyte, which have contains both sperm and egg.

500

Which domain is Eukarya most closely related to?

Archaea
500

What land plants do we consider to be seedless vascular? How are they different from the bryophytes?

lycophytes, ferns, horsetails. 

-seedless vascular plants are sporophyte dominant

-sporophyte is not dependent on gametophyte

-they have vascular tissue and roots