Multicultural Issues in Psychology
A phenomenon supporting the idea that good is rewarded and evil is punished.
What is Just-World Phenomenon?
Learning from events occurring together and becoming linked.
What is association?
This occurs when an event following a response increases an organism’s tendency to make that response
What is Reinforcement?
This refers to intermediate encoding that is based on characteristics of the sound
What is Phonemic Encoding?
According to this theory, people are prejudiced toward members of the out group because of competition for resources.
What is Realistic Conflict Theory?
Learning through acquisition of mental information that guides behavior
What is cognitive learning?
This type of reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by presentation of a rewarding stimulus
What is Positive Reinforcement?
The learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus after conditioning
What is conditioned response?
What is the memory process you would be using if you were attempting to recall a memory?
What is Retrieval?
This describes an unjustifiable
and unusually negative attitude toward
a group—often different race, ethnicity,
culture
What is prejudice?
The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is
What is operant conditioning?
This type of reinforcement occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced.
What is Continuous Reinforcement?
Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory comprise the three components of what?
What is Storage?
What describes a special right, advantage, or immunity available to certain groups?
What is privilege?
Which type of learning involves a stimulus that acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus?
What is Classical Conditioning?
This occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time.
What is Intermittent Reinforcement?
What requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options?
What is Recognition?
Most unconscious thoughts, actions, and behaviors related to prejudice are referred to as?
What is implicit prejudice?
"Attention must be paid to another person’s behavior and its consequences" is a principle of which type of learning?
What is Observational Learning?
This element of Operant Conditioning involves a gradual weakening and disappearance of a response tendency because the response is no longer followed by reinforcements.
What is Extinction?
This refers to a stimulus associated with a memory that is used to locate that memory.
What is Retrieval Cue?