Mitosis
The product of mitosis (number and genetic similarity of cells)
What are two genetically identical cells?
The number and ploidy of cells produced by meiosis
What are 4 haploid cells (genetically distinct gametes)?
Different versions of a gene
What are alleles?
The structure of DNA
What is a double-helix?
The process that can generate multiple protein isoforms from the same mRNA transcript
What is alternative splicing?
The structure that initiates the physical division of cells during mitosis
What is the cleavage furrow?
The part of meiosis when DNA content is halved
What is meiosis II?
The term for when two alleles are expressed simultaneously without interfering with one another
What is codominance?
The individual who collected the first definitive evidence of the structure of DNA
Who was Rosalind Franklin?
Proteins that help RNA polymerase bind to DNA and initiate transcription (thus activating gene expression)
What are transcription factors?
The place in the cell on which chromosomes align during metaphse
What is the metaphase plate?
The number of chromosomes present in each cell after meiosis I
What is 23?
The term for when one gene affects many phenotypes
What is pleiotropy?
The enzyme that joins together adjacent bases during DNA synthesis
What is DNA polymerase?
Units of gene regulation found only in prokaryotes; include operators, promoters, and multiple genes
What are operons?
What is anaphase?
The process that generates genetic diversity within each chromosomes during meiosis
What is crossing over/homologous recombination? (either term)
The process that allows the cells of XX individuals to only express genes from one X chromosome
What is X chromosome inactivation?
The type of bond that joins adjacent nucleotides in DNA
What are covalent bonds?
Genes that pattern proteins to regulate the cell cycle; mutations in these genes can fail to prevent cancer
What are tumor suppressors?
The stage of mitosis during which DNA is replicated
What is interphase?
The number of chromosomes present after DNA is copied and each chromosome has 4 sister chromatids
What is 46?
Mutations causing color blindness are located on the X chromosome. The probability that the son of a color blind man and a homozygous WT (non-color blind) woman will be colorblind.
What is 0%?
The nitrogenous base present in DNA but not in RNA
What is thymine?
Normal versions of genes that promote cell growth; mutations in these genes can cause cancer
What are oncogenes?