Chapter 10: muscle overview
What is the muscle arrangement where fibers are arranged concentrically around an opening?
Circular
Another name for the efferent nervous system is
The motor nervous system
What area is gray matter located in the brain
Cerebral Cortex
What structure looks like a horses tail?
Cauda equina
What are the 5 regions of the spinal cord, what general regions of the body do they innervate and what nerves do they control?
Cervical (head and neck, phrenic), Brachial (upper limb, axillary, median, musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar), Thoracic (ribs, intercostal), Lumbar (Hip and thigh, obturator nerve, femoral nerve), Sacral (Crural region, Sciatic, tibial, common fibular, deep fibular, superficial fibular)
What are the deep invaginations of the sarcolemma that carry impulses to the sarcoplasmic reticulum so it can release calcium?
T-tubules
The cells that support and protect neurons are called
Glial cells
What separates the cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
Which portion of the spinal cord carries motor signals out to the peripheral muscles
Anterior
List the muscle units from smallest to largest and the connective tissue between each
Myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, endomysium, muscle fascicle, perimysium, whole muscle, epimysium
What portion of a sarcomere only has thick filaments?
H zone
Astrocytes
Where is the primary motor cortex housed?
The precentral gyrus
What type of reflex has sensory axons that synapse directly onto motor neurons?
Monosynaptic
Draw a unipolar, a bipolar and a multipolar neuron
drawing
What enzyme is released in a synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction to continue impulse?
Acetylcholine
The disease that affects motor neurons and leads to muscle weakness, atrophy and spastic paralysis is
Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
What is the function of the pineal gland
Secrete melatonin and balance circadian rhythms
What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
Motor: anterior muscles of crural region
Cutaneous: digits of the foot
Draw a sarcomere, label its parts and explain which sections would shorten during muscle contraction
Draw
What are the agonist, antagonist and synergist for bicep curls?
Agonist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii
Synergist: Brachioradialis (or any other muscle you can think of close by)
Many presynaptic neurons sending messages to one post synaptic neuron is known as
A converging circuit
What produces CSF?
The Choroid plexus
What is the enlargement containing a cluster of sensory cell bodies outside of the CNS?
Posterior root ganglion
List the cranial nerves, provide their functions and whether they are sensory, motor or both
In notes