Human Development
This refers to the fixed chronological order of developmental milestones.
Maturation
This is a type of associative learning where stimuli are paired together to create a desired conditioned response.
Classical Conditioning
This is the higher-level mental processing that occurs as we construct perceptions by drawing on our experience and expectations.
Top-down processing
This is when a favorable stimulus is added in response to desired behavior in an effort to increase that desired behavior.
Positive Reinforcement
This is when an unfavorable stimulus is removed in an effort to increase the desired behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
This is a type of associative learning where behavior is modified by the use of reinforcement schedules and/or punishment application.
Operant Conditioning
This is the processing that refers to the retrieval of sensory information from our external environment into the brain.
Bottom-up processing
This is when an aversive stimulus is added to an unwanted behavioral in an effort to reduce the unwanted behavior.
Positive Punishment
Baby Albert was the subject of a famous classical conditioning experiment. In this experiment, Baby Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. In this example, the fear of the white rat is what type of response.
Conditioned Response (or CR)
This is a fertilized human egg.
Zygote
This is what Erik Erikson studied and presented as his concepts of human development.
Stages of Psychosocial Development
This refers to the study of the relationship and interactions between top-down processing and bottom-up processing.
Psychophysics
This occurs during associative learning when the conditioned behavior diminishes.
Extinction
This refers to the biological readiness that people and animals are inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses. Taste aversion is an example of this biological readiness.
Preparedness
This is cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.
Schema
This is a developmental milestone that appears during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development and is characterized by the understanding that items and people still exist even when you cannot see or hear them.
Object Permanence
This refers to the just noticeable difference (aka the difference threshold) between an original stimulus and it's changed value.
Weber's Law
Associative learning is learning by way of pairing stimuli. This type of learning is acquired by the observation of behavior (aka imitation).
Cognitive Learning
Identify at least 1 theme of the movie 3 Identical Strangers.
1. Family culture & parenting styles
2. Nature v. Nurture
3. Behavior Genetics
This refers to the study of genetics and it's influence on behavior.
Behavior Genetics
This is a developmental milestone that appears during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development and is characterized by understanding that a quantity does not change even if it's been altered.
Conservation
This occurs when we are exposed to a sensory stimulus for an extended exposure causing us to be unable to detect the stimulus.
Sensory Adaptation
This refers to the ability to distinguish between 2 similar stimuli.
Discrimination
Identify at least one ethical problem with the research study presented in the movie 3 Identical Strangers.
1. Results were not published
2. Participants were not debriefed
3. Informed consent was not obtained
4. Participants were not protected from greater-than-usual harm