Powerhouse of the cell
This membrane bound pathway uses REDOX reactions to incrementally extract energy.
What is the electron transport system/chain?
This process is the acquisition of energy by oxidation of inorganic electron donors.
What is Lithotrophy/chemolithotrophy?
The majority of all terrestrial carbon is stored here.
What is the Earth's crust?
Culture based methods are seldom used for microbial ecology because only this percentage of bacteria can be readily cultured in the lab.
What is 0.1-1%
The advent of the _________ has led to increasing concentrations of "Greenhouse Gasses" in our atmosphere.
What is the Industrial Revolution
Instead of creating ATP directly, REDOX reactions are used to pump charged molecules outside of the cell in order to generate this potential energy source.
What is the proton motive force?
This process, specific to archaea, uses carbon molecules as an electron acceptors and generates completely reduced carbon.
What is methanogenesis?
This term describes when the inputs and outputs (aka flux) of an element through a system are equal.
What is steady state?
Unlike 16S amplicon sequencing, this technique sequences all DNA from an environmental sample in order to look for functional genes.
What is metagenomics?
Currently, our global oceans function as a _________ for CO2 produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
What is a "sink".
This protein complex initiates a cascade of REDOX reactions by receiving an electron from an electron donating substrate.
What is an initial substrate oxidoreductase.
This molecule, produced by bacteria and chloroplasts, is arranged into large antenna complexes around a central reaction center.
What is chlorophyll?
This term describes the average amount of time spent by a given element within a reservoir.
What is residence time?
Sequencing technologies generate many short reads which must be aligned into these categories that contain no gaps prior to further analysis.
What are contigs?
The nitrogen cycle can be described quite easily using this geometric shape.
What is a triangle?
This membrane soluble electron carrying molecule has a name that ends in -one if it is oxidized or -ol if it is reduced.
What is a quinone/quinol?
This protein uses retinal to absorb photons of light, which induces a conformational change used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.
What is Bacteriorhodopsin/rhodopsins?
This term describes the microbial consumption of oxygen in a sample. High values of this measurement can be caused by excess nutrient input.
What is BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)?
Beyond DNA, this -omics technique allows researchers to detect all of the proteins contained within an environmental sample.
What is metaproteomics?
What are 3 benefits of fermentation of foods?
Preservation, enhanced nutrition, enhanced flavor, gut health, removal of pathogens.
This protein complex uses a continuous flow of hydrogen ions into the cell to phosphorylate high energy molecules.
What is ATP synthase?
This photosystem removes an electron from bacteriochlorophyll itself in order to initiate the electron transport chain in a process known as cyclic photophosphorylation.
What is anoxygenic photosystem II?
Thawing of _________ in tundra will lead to increased CO2 release into the environment.
What is permafrost?
This technique uses lasers to count or sort cells one by one, while simultaneously providing information about cell size and florescence
What is flow cytometry?
The fermentation of this product is the most complex fermentative process and involves the use of indigenous flora
What is cocoa fermentation?