Somatic Disorders
Which one of the following is shared by all somatic symptom disorders?
a. Patients lying about symptoms.
b. Physical symptoms not explained medically.
c. Medical symptoms not explained psychologically.
d. Doctors discriminating against patients of color.
b. Physical symptoms not explained medically.
Which feature is considered a defining characteristic of dissociative disorders?
B. Disturbance in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception
Dwayne has been using cocaine for 3 years now. He has noticed that it takes more of the drug to give him the effects he used to experience. When he takes the same amount he’s used to, the effect is noticeably less. This situation illustrates which choice?
A. Withdrawal.
B. Dependence.
C. Tolerance.
D. Craving.
C. Tolerance.
Which of the following is a primary difference between neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders?
a. Neurocognitive disorders begin early in life while neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin later in life.
b. Neurodevelopmental disorders begin early in life, while neurocognitive disorders typically begin later in life.
c. Neurocognitive disorders are a more severe form of neurodevelopmental disorders.
d. Neurodevelopmental disorders are a more severe form of neurocognitive disorders.
b. Neurodevelopmental disorders begin early in life, while neurocognitive disorders typically begin later in life.
How do ego syntonic and ego dystonic personality disorders differ?
a. Ego syntonic personality disorders are milder forms of ego dystonic personality disorders.
b. Ego dystonic personality disorders are milder forms of ego syntonic personality disorders.
c. Ego dystonic personality disorders do not bother the person who has them, while ego syntonic personality disorder symptoms do.
d. Ego syntonic personality disorders do not bother the person who has them, while ego dystonic personality disorder symptoms do.
d. Ego syntonic personality disorders do not bother the person who has them, while ego dystonic personality disorder symptoms do.
Dr. Wiebold is a scholar in the area of psychopathology, and she conducts extensive research on various aspects of psychological disorders. Based on your understanding of psychopathology, which of these topics would she be least likely to study?
a. The causes of psychological disorders.
b. How psychological disorders are most effectively treated.
c. How psychological disorders are involved in criminal behaviors.
d. The best way to describe psychological disorders.
C. How psychological disorders are involved in criminal behaviors.
What is the primary role of research ethics in psychopathology studies?
a) To establish statistical significance
b) To ensure the privacy of control groups
c) To protect the rights and well-being of research participants
d) To maximize the use of family studies
c) To protect the rights and well-being of research participants.
Andy has been told by his boss to fire five people in his department despite the corporation reporting record profits. An anguished Andy calls in sick three days in a row, reporting various symptoms. Since Andy was not really sick, which diagnosis is most likely?
a. Malingering.
b. Bipolar I disorder.
c. Depressive episode.
d. Oppositional defiant disorder.
a. Malingering.
What distinguishes localized dissociative amnesia from selective dissociative amnesia?
A. Duration of memory loss
Which answer refers to the aversive effects experienced after stopping the use of a psychoactive substance?
A. Withdrawal.
B. Substance use disorder.
C. Abuse.
D. Tolerance.
A. Withdrawal.
Since she was a child, Thalia has had difficulty focusing on tasks and inhibiting her impulses. Based on this information, which of the following disorders does she most likely have?
a. Mild neurocognitive disorder.
b. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
c. Intellectual developmental disorder.
d. Autism spectrum disorder.
b. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Why are ego dystonic personality disorders considered easier to treat?
a. There is a wider range of evidence-based treatments for dystonic personality disorders.
b. Symptoms of dystonic personality disorders are considered to be not as distressing as symptoms of ego syntonic personality disorders.
c. People may be more willing to change aspects they don’t like about themselves.
d. Symptoms of ego dystonic personality disorders are more extreme than syntonic personality disorders, so people may be more likely to seek treatment.
c. People may be more willing to change aspects they don’t like about themselves.
What is the historical approach to treating mental disorders known as "moral treatment"?
a) Punishing individuals with mental disorders to correct their behavior
b) Using religious rituals to cure psychological problems
c) Providing humane and compassionate care to individuals with mental disorders
d) Employing supernatural interventions to exorcise demons
c) Providing humane and compassionate care to individuals with mental disorders
Joseph has a diagnosis of social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder. Which of the following situations would he most likely have anxiety about?
a. Harming others.
b. Any situation that could cause embarrassment.
c. A specific object.
d. Discarding unneeded objects.
b. Any situation that could cause embarrassment.
Yakov brought his son to the emergency room with an unexplained illness. After running tests and interviewing Yakov, the doctor called the police to report abuse. The doctor suspected Yakov of giving his son small amounts of bleach in his food to create an illness. Which disorder is indicated by this scenario?
a. Factitious disorder.
b. Malingering.
c. Factitious disorder imposed on another.
d. Illness anxiety disorder.
c. Factitious disorder imposed on another.
Which statement accurately describes dissociative fugue?
B. Sudden, unexpected travel with inability to recall one's past
Which answer describes the effect that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on drug use in the United States?
A. There has been a drastic decline in usage since the pandemic began.
B. More people are trying new drugs after getting bored with their previous drugs.
C. More people are either trying new drugs or increasing usage because of stress.
D. Fewer people are using drugs overall, but those who do are increasing their usage.
C. More people are either trying new drugs or increasing usage because of stress.d. Body dysmorphic disorder.
Which of the following disorders is associated with a pattern of difficulty focusing on a task or disruptive physical activity or impulsivity?
a. Autism spectrum disorder.
b. Alzheimer’s disease.
c. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
d. Delirium.
c. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
What characteristics are necessary for a behavior to be a personality disorder?
a. The behavior has to be either chronic or pervasive, but cannot be both.
b. The behavior must only be chronic.
c. The behavior must only be pervasive.
d. The behavior has to be both chronic and pervasive.
d. The behavior has to be both chronic and pervasive.
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in abnormal behavior by:
a) Directly causing mental disorders
b) Regulating brain development
c) Transmitting signals between neurons and affecting mood, cognition, and behavior
d) Stimulating unconscious cognitive processes
c) Transmitting signals between neurons and affecting mood, cognition, and behavior
Claudia has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Based on this, which of the following symptoms would she be most likely to experience?
a. Anxiety about being in potentially embarrassing situations.
b. Unwanted and disturbing thoughts.
c. Difficulty throwing items away.
d. Fear of a specific object.
b. Unwanted and disturbing thoughts.
Every time Duc woke up with a slight fever, or had a cough, they were convinced they had COVID, despite not having any other symptoms or contact with others who had the virus. Duc went to urgent care locations at least once a week to verify their self-diagnosis. Which disorder is Duc experiencing?
a. Schizophrenic disorder.
b. Major depressive disorder.
c. Factitious disorder.
d. Illness anxiety disorder.
d. Illness anxiety disorder.
How might cultural factors influence the presentation of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
B. Different cultures may shape the identities assumed by alters
Which answer accurately represents the change between previous editions of the DSM and DSM-5 regarding substance use?
A. The new wording separates terms that used to be combined.
B. The old wording was less problematic using terms like “abuse.”
C. The new wording combines multiple terms into a single term.
D. The old wording references “disorders” rather than “abuse.”
C. The new wording combines multiple terms into a single term.
Dr. Malik specializes in the treatment of neurocognitive disorders. Which of the following conditions would he most likely treat in his clients?
a. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
b. Autism spectrum disorder.
c. Alzheimer’s disease.
d. Intellectual disability disorder.
c. Alzheimer’s disease.
A long and unwavering history of attributing malicious intent despite evidence to suggest otherwise is characteristic of which personality disorder?
a. Paranoid personality disorder.
b. Antisocial personality disorder.
c. Avoidant personality disorder.
d. Schizoid personality disorder.
a. Paranoid personality disorder.
What does the concept of intersectionality in the context of psychopathology emphasize?
a) The idea that mental health issues affect individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds differently.
b) The prioritization of a single factor, such as race or gender, in understanding mental health disparities.
c) The notion that mental health is solely determined by an individual's socioeconomic status.
d) The belief that mental health disparities are only relevant to specific cultural groups.
a) The idea that mental health issues affect individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds differently.
Every time Karl goes to the street he had a car accident on a few months ago, he finds that his heart rate increases and that he is more easily startled by sounds. Which of the following types of symptoms of trauma is Karl experiencing?
a. Hypervigilance.
b. Avoidance.
c. Re-experiencing the event.
d. Thought and mood disturbance.
a. Hypervigilance.
For the past two years, Kovac has been taking antidiarrheal medication before every meal, and before going to bed. He cancels plans with friends and family because he is afraid of having diarrhea at an inopportune time, and restricts his diet to things he hopes will not upset his stomach. Which disorder is Kovac most likely experiencing?
a. Somatic symptom disorder.
b. Illness anxiety disorder.
c. Factitious disorder.
d. Generalized anxiety disorder.
a. Somatic symptom disorder.
Which mental health condition is most commonly comorbid with dissociative disorders?
D. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
Which is NOT a way psychoactive drugs can influence the nervous system?
A. Change the shape of a receptor site.
B. Bind to a receptor site.
C. Increase the effect of a neurotransmitter.
D. Block the action of a neurotransmitter.
A. Change the shape of a receptor site.
What are the two categories of symptoms seen in ADHD?
a. Social impairment and inattention.
b. Restricted/repetitive behaviors and social impairment.
c. Hyperactivity/impulsivity and social impairment.
d. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
d. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships?
a. Schizoid personality disorder.
b. Schizotypal personality disorder.
c. Borderline personality disorder.
d. Narcissistic personality disorder.
a. Schizoid personality disorder.
Mary is consulting the leading book on diagnosis of psychological disorders. Which book is Mary browsing?
a. American Psychiatric Diagnostic Guide.
b. International Classification of Diseases.
c. International Classification of Psychological Disorders.
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Some people with anorexia may develop amenorrhea, which is associated with ________.
a. hair loss
b. a drop of body temperature
c. the cessation of menstrual cycles
d. cardiac problems due to electrolyte imbalance
c. the cessation of menstrual cycles
Which type of treatment for somatic symptom and related disorders is most likely to try to find ways the patient is benefiting from the reported illness?
a. Psychodynamic.
b. Cognitive-behavioral.
c. Medical.
d. Sociocultural.
b. Cognitive-behavioral.b) To provide a comparison for the experimental group
What role do neurobiological factors play in the development of dissociative disorders?
A. Minimal impact; dissociative disorders are purely psychological
Which effect does alcohol have on the nervous system?
A. Decreased neurotransmitter production.
B. Increased heart rate.
C. Decreased inhibitions.
D. Increased use of energy stores.
C. Decreased inhibitions.a. Repeated exposure to a stressor will cause the client’s anxiety to decrease over time.
Cooper has been diagnosed with ADHD and has many symptoms of inattention and fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Which presentation of the condition does he have?
a. Combined presentation.
b. Predominantly inattentive presentation.
c. Predominantly hyperactivity/impulsivity presentation.
d. Not otherwise specified presentation.
b. Predominantly inattentive presentation.
People who experience a pattern of discomfort in social relationships, odd and eccentric behavior, and psychotic-like symptoms would most likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.
a. paranoid
b. borderline
c. schizoid
d. schizotypal
d. schizotypal
In the context of psychiatric diagnosis, what are the two major approaches to classification?
a) Categorical and dimensional
b) Qualitative and quantitative
c) Clinical and experimental
d) Individual and group
Answer: a) Categorical and dimensional
Xi is a person who had a pattern of alternating between sad and happy episodes, but she never got extremely happy. Which of the following is the best description of what Xi is experiencing?
a. Bipolar I disorder.
b. Major depressive disorder.
c. Bipolar II disorder.
d. Obsessive compulsive disorder.
c. Bipolar II disorder.
What is a characteristic feature of Somatic Symptom Disorder?
B. Exaggerated or nonexistent physical symptomsa) Adoption studies/Twin studies
Which therapeutic approach is commonly used in the treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Sharon and her friend Simolena are at a party, where Sharon drinks several cups of beer. Simolena dislikes the taste of beer, so she drinks wine instead. Which is true about the metabolism each will experience?
A. Simolena will metabolize the wine faster than Sharon.
B. Sharon will metabolize the beer faster than Simolena.
C. Both Sharon and Simolena will take at least 5 hours to metabolize the alcohol.
D. Both Sharon and Simolena will metabolize the alcohol within an hour.
B. Sharon will metabolize the beer faster than Simolena.
Why is ADHD thought of as a neurodevelopmental disorder?
a. It is always diagnosed in early childhood.
b. Its symptoms begin in childhood.
c. It cannot be diagnosed until later in life.
d. Its symptoms begin in adulthood.
b. Its symptoms begin in childhood.
According to research, what is the relationship between the diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder and having a family member with schizophrenia?
a. People with family members with schizophrenia have approximately the same rate of diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder than those without a family history of schizophrenia.
b. The relationship between having a family member with schizophrenia and being diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorders is unclear.
c. People with family members with schizophrenia have lower rates of diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder than those without a family history of schizophrenia.
d. People with family members with schizophrenia have higher rates of diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder than those without a family history of schizophrenia.
d. People with family members with schizophrenia have higher rates of diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder than those without a family history of schizophrenia.
Which model proposes that individuals possess a genetic predisposition (diathesis) that interacts with environmental stressors to trigger psychopathology?
a) Unidimensional model
b) Multidimensional model
c) Reciprocal gene-environment model
d) Dual-diathesis model
c) Reciprocal gene-environment model
What is the primary difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?
a. Symptoms of schizophreniform disorder last for a shorter time than symptoms in schizophrenia.
b. Symptoms of schizophrenia last for a shorter time than symptoms in schizophreniform disorder.
c. Schizophreniform disorder is a subtype of schizophrenia.
d. Schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophreniform disorder.
a. Symptoms of schizophreniform disorder last for a shorter time than symptoms in schizophrenia.a. meta-analysis
d. anhedonia
Which statement best describes Illness Anxiety Disorder?
What is a potential etiological factor associated with the development of dissociative disorders?
D. Severe childhood abuse or neglect
The neurotransmitter whose functioning is most dramatically impacted by the ingestion of alcohol is ________.
A. glutamate
B. serotonin
C. GABA
D. acetylcholine
C. GABA
Why is there a gender difference in the diagnosis rates of ADHD?
a. Boys are more likely to show symptoms of inattention, which may make their symptoms more easily missed by others.
b. Girls are more likely to show symptoms of inattention, which may make their symptoms more easily missed by others.
c. Boys are more likely to show more disruptive symptoms, which may be misdiagnosed as another disorder.
d. Girls are more likely to show more disruptive symptoms, which may be misdiagnosed as another disorder.
b. Girls are more likely to show symptoms of inattention, which may make their symptoms more easily missed by others.
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by unusual thinking, behavior, thoughts, or perceptions and withdrawal from social activities due to suspicion of others?
a. Cluster A: Odd and eccentric personality disorders.
b. Cluster B: Dramatic personality disorders.
c. Cluster C: Anxious personality disorders.
d. Cluster D: Spectrum based personality disorders.
a. Cluster A: Odd and eccentric personality disorders.
Suzanne has three children who have all tested positive for the flu, but they are displaying different levels of symptoms. Some are “very” sick, some are “sort of” sick, and one is “barely” sick. This type of categorization is an example of a(n) ________ approach.
a. dimensional
b. exemplar
c. classical
d. bimodal
a. dimensional
How does studying behavior over time and across cultures contribute to the research process in psychopathology?
a) It ensures external validity.
b) It enhances clinical significance.
c) It provides insights into the impact of genetics on behavior.
d) It broadens the scope and understanding of psychopathology.
d) It broadens the scope and understanding of psychopathology.
What distinguishes Conversion Disorder from other somatic disorders?
How does memory retrieval function in individuals with dissociative amnesia?
D. Gradual and often incomplete recall over time
Wydonna is addicted the most widely used stimulant in the world. Which is Wydonna using?
A. Caffeine.
B. Methamphetamine.
C. Cocaine.
D. Nicotine.
A. Caffeine.
One useful treatment for symptoms of ADHD are medications that increase levels of _______ in attentional areas of the brain.
a. dopamine
b. norepinephrine
c. serotonin
d. glutamate
a. dopamine
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by erratic, pronounced, and overly emotional behaviors that can cause impairment and distress?
a. Cluster A: Odd and eccentric personality disorders.
b. Cluster B: Dramatic personality disorders.
c. Cluster C: Anxious personality disorders.
d. Cluster D: Socioemotional personality disorders.
b. Cluster B: Dramatic personality disorders.
In the context of psychiatric diagnosis, what does the term "bias" refer to?
a) The tendency for clinicians to be too cautious in making diagnoses
b) Systematic errors in diagnostic judgments due to factors such as cultural or gender bias
c) The accuracy and reliability of a diagnosis
d) The degree of match between clinical assessment and self-reported symptoms
b) Systematic errors in diagnostic judgments due to factors such as cultural or gender bias
What has research on twins suggested is the link between genetics and the diagnosis of anorexia and bulimia?
a. The development of bulimia, but not anorexia, is significantly influenced by genetic factors.
b. The development of anorexia, but not bulimia, is significantly influenced by genetic factors.
c. Neither anorexia or bulimia are significantly influenced by genetic factors.
d. The development of both anorexia and bulimia are significantly influenced by genetic factors.
d. The development of both anorexia and bulimia are significantly influenced by genetic factors.
What does "primary gain" refer to in the context of somatic disorders?
What significant change in the classification of dissociative disorders occurred in the transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5?
D. Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder became a distinct category
If Monique reports reverse tolerance, which is she experiencing?
A. Less euphoria from smaller doses of cannabis over time.
B. Low euphoria from a large dose of cannabis upon initial usage.
C. More euphoria from smaller doses of cannabis over time.
D. High euphoria from a small dose of cannabis upon initial usage.
C. More euphoria from smaller doses of cannabis over time.
Which of the following disorders is associated with deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities?
a. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
b. Parkinson’s disease.
c. Autism spectrum disorder.
d. Intellectual development disorder.
c. Autism spectrum disorder.
Which of the following disorders may leave someone with little sense of who they are as a person and significant instability in their moods, relationships, self-image, and impulse control?
a. Paranoid personality disorder.
b. Borderline personality disorder.
c. Schizoid personality disorder.
d. Histrionic personality disorder.
b. Borderline personality disorder.
Dr. Phillips wants to know whether serving a person with a sore throat tea with honey will lead to better relief of the painful symptoms. She gets three groups of people with a bad cold, including sore throat, together. One third of them get nothing to drink; one third gets tea with nothing in it; and the last third gets tea with honey. The participants are randomly assigned to the groups. What is the dependent variable?
a. The duration of time each person has had the throat pain.
b. The ratings of the throat pain after drinking.
c. What each person drinks (tea with or without honey).
d. The three groups of people.
b. The ratings of the throat pain after drinking.
Sherlyn’s parents are worried about them because the death of their friend has taken a significant toll. Sherlyn is having a hard time doing school work and enjoying life in general. Which of the following best describes Sherlyn’s experience?
a. Prolonged grief disorder.
b. Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder.
c. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
d. Major depressive disorder.
a. Prolonged grief disorder.