These are the three cytoskeletal/intracellular structures, ranked in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST.
What are microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules?
100
This is the stage of cell division that differs between plants and animals.
What is cytokinesis?
100
"The most beautiful experiment in biology" proved this model of DNA replication.
What is semi-conservative?
100
This is defined as “Any difference among individuals that is sufficiently common such that it would almost certainly be present in a group of 50 individuals chosen at random”
What is a polymorphism?
100
This is a type of mutation that can be passed from parent to offspring.
What is a germline mutation?
200
This protein links to intermediate filaments and collagen to allow a cell to attach to the extracellular matrix.
What is integrin?
200
This is also called the reductional division, because it divides a diploid cell into two haploid cells.
What is Meiosis I? (Meiosis II divides two haploid cells into four haploid cells!)
200
This enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together.
What is ligase?
200
This is the most common syndrome resulting from meiotic nondisjunction.
What is Down syndrome?
200
Insertion or deletion of two nucleotides in a gene sequence would likely be catastrophic because it would cause this effect in the protein.
What is a frame shift?
300
This protein uses ATP energy to carry cargo along a microfilament from the minus end to the plus end.
What is myosin?
300
This is the number of pairs of sister chromatids during telophase II in an animal with a diploid number of 14.
What is zero?
300
These four components are necessary for PCR.
What are dsDNA template, free nucleotides, DNA primers, and Taq DNA polymerase?
300
These are the two mandatory components of a virus.
What are genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat (capsid)?
300
This is the key conclusion of the Lederberg experiment which used replica plating to examine antibiotic resistance.
What is that mutations arise randomly?
400
Removing calcium from the medium in which a tissue is growing would result in the loss of these TWO types of INTERCELLULAR connections.
What are desmosomes and adherens junctions? (Because both require cadherins, which are calcium-dependent!)
400
This is the correct sequence of events for the following steps in the cell cycle: cytokinesis, G1, G2, S, mitosis
What is G1 -> S -> G2 -> mitosis -> cytokinesis?
400
If a 1600 bp bacterial plasmid has EcoRI cut sites at 200, 600, and 800 bp, these are the resulting sizes of restriction fragments when the plasmid is exposed to EcoRI.
What are 200, 400, and 1000 bp?
400
For a baby born in an environment where malaria is highly prevalent, this genotype would provide the highest level of protection against malaria without causing sickle cell anemia.
What is CC?
400
This is the process in which a single improperly placed uracil is removed from DNA and then replaced with the correct nucleotide.
What is base excision repair?
500
You discovered a mutant cephalopod that is unable to change from DARK to LIGHT (i.e. it's always dark brown). Assuming its muscle function is normal, what motor protein might be defective in this animal?
What is dynein?
500
These are two components of the p53 pathway that are INACTIVATED when DNA damage is detected.
What are MDM2, cyclin/CDK, and E2F? (any two of these will be accepted)
500
If Meselsohn and Stahl grew cells in N14 for many generations, then N15 for two generations, then N15 for 13 more generations, which band in their test tube would have the MOST DNA in it?
What is heavy/N15 band?
500
This meiotic event could result in a baby born with XYY sex chromosomes. (Be specific about which parent, and which stage of meiosis!)
What is nondisjunction of Y sister chromatids in paternal meiosis (anaphase) II?
500
This is the oncogene created when a reciprocal translocation creates the Philadelphia chromosome.