Difference between voluntary movement and reflexes.
Voluntary: Signal generated from higher brain centers (motor cortex) and has goal/desire.
Involuntary: Signal generated from peripheral receptors
100
Manipulation vs. Prehension
Manipulation of an object with hand/fingers.
Prehension: approaching, reaching, grasping and releasing.
100
Define gait and gait cycle.
What is "walking"? 60% stance and 40% swing. From heelstrike on right to heelstrike on right.
100
Name the 4 domains of human development.
What are CAMP?
200
Name one reflex that is considered a lifespan reflex.
What are parachuting reflexes, flexor withdrawal reflex, knee jerk reflex, etc...?
200
How does voluntary movement develop with regards to gross and fine movements (how does it regress with age)?
Gross to fine. Fine to gross.
200
What developmental pattern describes prehension & writing?
proximodistal
200
Position of arms during stage 2 of running?
What is mid-guard or middle guard position?
200
Name Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development.
What are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, & formal operational?
300
Name the 2 basic types of infant reflexes (and general time frames).
What are primitive (0-4mos) and postural (4-6 to 12 mos)?
300
Name the 3 categories of voluntary movement we discussed in class.
What are stability, locomotion & manipulation?
300
Define Haptic perception.
What is ability to acquire information about an object with hands (without looking at the object)? Discriminate and recognize.
300
When do kids become proficient at skipping?
What is 6-7 years old?
300
Describe self-esteem vs. self-concept
Self-esteem = how much you like yourself. Self-concept = your perception of yourself. Concept drives esteem.
400
Importance of infant reflexes.
Primitive: Nutrition & Protection (survival)
Postural: Foundation for voluntary movement (strengthen neuromuscular connection & muscles).
Help diagnose neurological abnormalities.
400
Phase II reaching/grasping is more mature in all aspects except for which?
What is 2-handed reaching?
400
List in order (earliest to latest) sequence of drawing.
scribble, combine, aggregate & pictorial
400
Differences between walking & running.
Walking: double limb support
Running: flight & recovery phases
400
Development of what 2 things aid in cognitive development during the sensorimotor stage?
What are senses, language and mobility?
500
Which is not a postural reflex that emerges within the first 2 months of life? body-righting, stepping, crawling, swimming, head-righting
What is body-righting?
500
With regards to locomotion, when do rolling, crawling, creeping, cruising & walking emerge?
What is 6, 7-8, 9-12, 10 & 12 months?
500
Name the 3 types of writing grasps and when you would expect a child to demonstrate each.
Supinate = preschoolers
Pronate = K and 1st graders
Dynamic Tripod = 7 y.o. (usually by 2nd grade)
500
Which is easier for kids to perform vertical or horizontal jumping?
What is vertical jump?
500
Describe developmental direction and give an example of each (how it progresses throughout lifespan).
Cephalocaudal: Head to tail developmental progression (head control prior to body control and then distal weakness followed by proximal weakness). Proximodistal: Proximal to distal developmental progression (prehension starts from shoulder and elbow and then wrist, hand & fingers). Fine motor skills of the hand start to go prior to gross elbow and shoulder control.