Water
The largest source of body water is ________.
a) metabolism
b) foods
c) beverages
d) air
c) beverages
All of the following foods contain significant amounts of water except __________.
a) protein
b) vegetables
c) fruits
d) fat
d) fat
To be defined as a major mineral, the mineral must be consumed in amounts of ________.
a) >20 mg/day
b) <20 mg/day
c) >100 mg/day
d) <100 mg/day
c) >100 mg/day
This mineral is found in skin, nails, and hair.
a) Sulfur
b) Calcium
c) Phosphorus
d) Sodium
a) Sulfur
Which of the following contributes to greater losses of body water?
a) Alcohol
b) Caffeine
c) Both substances cause equal losses
a) Alcohol
Several factors influence the amount of water in the body. Which factor would contribute to a lower water percentage?
a) Having more lean mass
b) Being male
c) Having a higher metabolism
d) Aging
d) Aging
All of these factors directly influence the amount of water an individual needs except ________.
a) physical activity
b) gender
c) air temperature
d) height
d) height
Which list of minerals below are all major minerals?
a) Potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium
b) Iron, manganese, phosphorous, zinc
c) Zinc potassium, chloride, molybdenum
d) Iodide, chromium, copper, selenium
a) Potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium
Which of the following is NOT a function of minerals?
a) Maintain fluid balance
b) Build healthy bones
c) Participate in energy metabolism
d) Cofactors for enzymes
e) Cushions and protects joints and organs
e) Cushions and protects joints and organs
Excess sodium, especially in salt-sensitive individuals, can cause ___________.
a) hypertension
b) hypercalcemia
c) muscle cramps
d) hyponatremia
a) hypertension
Which four major organs excrete water?
a) Kidney; lungs; small intestine; colon
b) Lungs; skin; large intestine; mouth
c) Colon; large intestine; lungs; pancreas
d) Lungs; skin; kidney; large intestine
d) Lungs; skin; kidney; large intestine
Which of the following foods can contain 70 percent or more of water by weight?
a) Fish
b) Eggs
c) Cooked oatmeal
d) Grapes
d) Grapes
Trace minerals are defined as those that are consumed in ______ amounts.
a) >20 mg/day
b) <20 mg/day
c) >100 mg/day
d) <100 mg/day
b) <20 mg/day
______ is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth, muscle contraction and relaxation, blood clotting, and heart and nerve function.
a) Calcium
b) Sulfur
c) Chloride
d) Phosphorus
Americans get the majority of their sodium from ________.
a) processed foods
b) adding table salt
c) sodium found naturally in foods
d) soda
a) processed foods
Which of the following is NOT a function of water?
a) Transports nutrients throughout the body
b) Lubricates joints, intestinal tract, eyes
c) Regulates acid-base balance
d) Regulates calcium levels in the blood
d) Regulates calcium levels in the blood
What is the current recommendation for daily fluid intake for women?
a) 6 cups
b) 8 cups
c) 9 cups
d) 13 cups
c) 9 cups
Which statement about minerals is FALSE?
a) Minerals do not contain carbon
b) Minerals contain several atoms of different elements.
c) Minerals remain intact during digestion
d) Minerals are most often found as individual ions
b) Minerals contain several atoms of different elements
Which major minerals are considered electrolytes?
a) Sulfur, phosphorus, and calcium
b) Chloride, magnesium, and phosphorus
c) Sodium, chloride, and potassium
d) Sulfur, potassium, and calcium
c) Sodium, chloride, and potassium
What is the result of water intoxication?
a) Hypernatremia
b) Hyponatremia
c) Hyperphosphatemia
d) Hypochloridemia
b) Hyponatremia
During osmosis:
a) electrolytes are pumped across the cell membranes.
b) water moves toward a high concentration of electrolytes
c) electrolytes move toward the less concentrated fluids
d) the acidity of the fluid regulates the flow of water in and out of the cell
b) water moves toward a high concentration of electrolytes
What happens if something interferes with sodium or blood volume mechanisms?
a) Hypertension
b) Kidney failure
c) Heartburn
d) Nothing
a) Hypertension
Which mineral is most prevalent in your body?
a) Phosphorous
b) Potassium
c) Calcium
d) Sulfur
The bioavailability of some minerals can be enhanced by ________.
a)phytates and oxalates
b) oxalates and vitamin D
c) polyphenols and animal proteins
d) vitamin C and vitamin D
d) vitamin C and vitamin D
This mineral aids in the formation of bones and teeth and is part of the ATP and CrP energy molecules.
a) Phosphorus
b) Calcium
c) Magnesium
d) Potassium
a) Phosphorus