Musculoskeletal
using three differences, describe RA vs OA
- OA: wear and tear, pain worse with movement, loss of cartilage at end of bones causing "bone on bone" friction, can be age related, unilateral
- RA: autoimmune, can happen at any age (generally manifests earlier than OA), pain decreases with movement, bilateral, symmetrical, may have systemic symptoms during flares, can affect other organs
how many spinal nerves are there? (double points if you can tell how many in each section)
31 pairs of spinal nerves
cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), and coccygeal (1) pair
A surgically created opening in the colon is a:
A. Stoma
B. Ostomy
C. Fistula
D. Colostomy
D
Interpret these abbreviations which may be used in documenting
PRN, PO, NPO, STAT, NKDA, SOB
as needed, by mouth, nothing by mouth, right now, no known drug allergies, short of breath
A 70 year old female came to the clinic with a history of falls resulting in fractures, what is the disease process that can increase this risk, and why?
osteoporosis is most likely, due to decrease in estrogen and bones becoming porous/brittle
what is the acronym for identifying signs of a stroke, and what does it mean?
BEFAST
Balance, eyes, face, arms/legs, speech, time
Flaccid muscles with little resistance indicate
A. Hyperreflexia
B. Hypotonia
C. Spasticity
D. Ataxia
B
describe difference between aphasia and dysphasia
explain what a joint is, what a tendon is, and what a ligament is
joint: where two bones meet, allows for ROM, can be fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
ligament: holds the bone to bone, strong, dense, flexible band like structures
tendon: attaches muscle to bone, collagen bands
The RN documents "PERRLA", what does this mean and how is it assessed?
Pupils (are in the center)
Equal (in size)
Round (in shape)
Reactive to
Light (constrict when lit)
Accommodation (adjust focus for near/far)
A patient has a chest tube, what should the nurse do?
a. Clamp tubing when ambulating to bathroom
b. Change the drainage system each shift
c. Ensure equipment set up is functioning as ordered
d. Assess tubing hourly
C
what ROM excercise decreases the angle between two joints
extension
what are three potential nursing diagnoses for an older adult with a musculoskeletal disorder?
fatigue, activity intolerance, musculoskeletal problems, pain, risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for injury
DOUBLE POINTS!
Name all 12 cranial nerves in order
A positive Romberg indicates:
a. brain/spinal cord injury
b. proprioception/vestibular dysfunction
c. an expected finding
d. fine motor skill issue
B
A patient has O2 going via nasal cannula, you notice redness on their cheekbones, what do you suspect and do?
Add a little padding to areas of need
Loosen straps slightly
Suggest changing oxygen supplement type to provider IF possible
signs of a possible pressure injury if too tight, always assess and document
Demonstrate all ROM tests of the wrist and name what you do
flexion, extension, hyperextension, ulnar deviation and radial deviation
Your patient is actively having a seizure, what do you do?
Protect them from injury (remove nearby harmful objects)
Raise side rails of hospital bed
Position patient on side, if possible, with head flexed forward
Loosen restrictive clothing
Provide safety measures
Time how long seizure lasts
Have suction nearby
CALL FOR HELP
A patient has symptoms only on the same side as a brain lesion. This is described as:
A. Contralateral
B. Bilateral
C. Ipsilateral
D. Lateral
C
Bouchard nodes, swan-neck, boutonniere, and heberden nodes are seen in which diseases?
Bouchard and Heberden are OA: bony enlargements due to cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation
Swan neck and boutinniere are RA: chronic synovial inflammation → ligament and tendon imbalance