Diabetes Mellitus
Thyroid Disorders
Parathyroid Disorders
Meningitis & Seizures
Stroke & Neurological Care
100

This type of diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells.

What is Type 1 diabetes? 


Rationale: Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

100

Q: In hypothyroidism, this hormone is typically elevated due to low thyroid hormone levels.

A: What is TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)?


Rationale: Elevated TSH indicates that the pituitary gland is trying to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormone.

100

Q: This condition is characterized by muscle spasms due to low calcium levels.

A: What is hypoparathyroidism?
Rationale: Low parathyroid hormone levels lead to hypocalcemia, causing muscle spasms and tetany.

100

Q: This symptom, characterized by neck stiffness, is a classic sign of meningitis.

A: What is nuchal rigidity?
Rationale: Nuchal rigidity indicates irritation of the meninges, which is common in meningitis.

100

Q: This common risk factor significantly increases the likelihood of ischemic stroke.
 

A: What is atrial fibrillation?


Rationale: Atrial fibrillation can lead to the formation of clots that may travel to the brain, causing a stroke.

200

A classic symptom of hyperglycemia characterized by excessive thirst.

What is polydipsia? 

Rationale: Polydipsia occurs due to dehydration from osmotic diuresis when blood glucose levels are high.

200

Q: Symptoms of this condition include weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance.

A: What is hyperthyroidism?


Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolism, leading to these symptoms.

200

Q: In hyperparathyroidism, this condition is often seen due to elevated calcium levels.
 

A: What are kidney stones?


Rationale: Hypercalcemia increases the risk of calcium-based kidney stones.

200

Q: The immediate nursing action for suspected bacterial meningitis is to initiate this precaution.

A: What are droplet precautions?
Rationale: Droplet precautions are necessary to prevent the spread of infectious agents in meningitis.

200

Q: The first nursing action for a patient suspected of having a stroke is to ensure this.

A: What is airway patency?


Rationale: Maintaining airway patency is critical to prevent aspiration and ensure adequate oxygenation.

300

The recommended target Hemoglobin A1C level for most adults with diabetes is below this percentage.

What is 7%? 

An A1C level of less than 7% is recommended to reduce the risk of diabetes complications.

300

Q: This medication is commonly prescribed for managing hypothyroidism.
 

A: What is Levothyroxine?


Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone used to replace deficient levels in hypothyroid patients.

300

Q: This dietary recommendation is important for patients with hypoparathyroidism to manage low calcium levels.

A: What is calcium and vitamin D supplementation?
Rationale: Supplementing calcium and vitamin D is essential to manage hypocalcemia and prevent complications like tetany.

300

Q: Seizures may occur in patients with this viral infection affecting the brain.

A: What is encephalitis?
Rationale: Encephalitis can cause seizures due to inflammation of the brain tissue.

300

Q: This medication is typically prescribed for preventing stroke recurrence.

  • A: What are antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin)?
    Rationale: Antiplatelet medications help to reduce the risk of further clot formation after a stroke.






400

This acute complication of Type 1 diabetes involves high blood sugar and ketone production.

A: What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?


Rationale: DKA occurs due to a lack of insulin, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones.

400

Q: A life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism characterized by severe symptoms.

A: What is a thyroid storm?


Rationale: A thyroid storm is a medical emergency that involves an extreme exacerbation of hyperthyroid symptoms.

400

Q: Patients with hyperparathyroidism may experience this symptom related to bone health.

A: What is bone pain?
Rationale: Increased PTH levels lead to bone resorption, which can cause bone pain and increase the risk of fractures.

400

Q: During a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, the priority nursing action is to do this.

A: What is to turn the patient on their side?


Rationale: Turning the patient on their side helps to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration.

400

Q: Following a stroke, it’s important to assess this function to prevent complications.

A: What is swallowing?
Rationale: A swallowing assessment is crucial to prevent aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients.

500

This class of oral diabetes medications works by increasing insulin sensitivity.

What are biguanides (e.g., Metformin)?

Rationale: Biguanides improve insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic glucose production.  

500

Q: After a thyroidectomy, it’s essential to monitor for this potential complication.



A: What is respiratory distress?


Rationale: Post-thyroidectomy, the risk of swelling or bleeding can compromise the airway.

500

Q: This condition is often associated with hypoparathyroidism and involves increased neuromuscular excitability.

A: What is tetany?
Rationale: Tetany results from low calcium levels, which increase neuromuscular excitability and can lead to muscle spasms and cramps.

500

Q: This class of medications is used to control seizures and must be taken consistently.

  • A: What are antiepileptic drugs?
    Rationale: Antiepileptic medications must be adhered to regularly to prevent seizure recurrence.

500

Q: A common side effect of long-term use of Phenytoin is this dental issue.

A: What is gingival hyperplasia?
Rationale: Gingival hyperplasia is a common side effect of Phenytoin, often requiring dental care.