Chapter 6
the movement of a hydride ion from one carbon to an adjacent carbon
1,2-hydride shift
An alkyne with its triple bond at the end of the carbon chain.
Terminal Alkyne
A hydrocarbon with two double bonds
Diene
RCH=CH2 + HX -->
RCXHCH3
RC-CH + Cl2 + CH2Cl2 -->
RC(Cl)=C(Cl)H
The electrophile adds to the sp2 carbon that is bonded to the most hydrogens
Markovnikov's Rule
A compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to two hydrogens
Aldehyde
A cycloaddition reaction in which six pi electrons participate in the transition state.
[4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction/Diels Alder Reaction
RCH=CH2 + H2O + H2SO4 -->
RC(OH)HCH3
RC-CH + R2BH/THF + HO, H2O2, H2O -->
RCH2C(=O)H
An ether in which the oxygen is incorporated into a three-member ring
Epoxide
A carbon double bonded to an oxygen
Carbonyl Group
A carbon, joined to other atoms by single bonds, that is bonded to a benzene ring.
Benzylic Carbon
RCH=CH2 + CH3OH + H2SO4 -->
RC(OCH3)HCH3
RC-CR' + Na + NH3 (l) -->
RCH=CHR' (Trans)
A compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to two alkyl groups
Ketone
An alkene with an OH group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons
Enol
The conformation in which two double bonds of a conjugated diene are on opposite sides of a connecting single bond
s-trans-conformation
RCH = CH2 + BH3/THF + H2O + H2O2 + NaOH -->
RCH2C(OH)H2
RC-CH + HI -->
RC(I)=CH2
Delocalization of electrons from a sigma bond with a p orbital on an adjacent carbon
Hyperconjugation
Constitutional isomers that are in rapid equilibrium
Tautomers
Addition to the 1- and 4-positions of a conjugated diene.
RCH=CH2 + Br2 + H2O -->
RC(OH)HCH2Br