What muscle role do the abdominals and back extensors typically play?
Support muscles
100
The hip is what type of diarthrodial joint and what is its anatomical name.
What is enarthrodial and acetabulofemoral?
100
What does tHe PCL protects the knee against?
What is posterior tibial translation? OR?
100
How would you post a rearfoot or heel varus?
Medial rearfoot post.
100
Describe the 2 step process in identifying which muscle is involved in a movement/exercise.
Define what movement gravity is causing.
The opposite muscle group is active.
200
Which abdominal obliques are involved in right trunk rotation?
Left external and right internal
200
If a muscle crosses the hip joint posteriorly, attaches laterally and has a horizontal fiber direction - what primary movement would it cause at the hip?
What is external rotation?
200
To internally rotate the knee, where must a muscle attach to the tibia (ant, post, medially, laterally, superiorly, distally)?
What is medially?
200
Most common torn ankle ligament?
What is ATFL?
200
Describe how to tell if a muscle is working eccentrically or concentrically.
Do 2 step process to identify active muscle. If movement is opposite active muscle then it is working eccentrically.
300
Which direction does a disc typically herniate and why?
Posterolateral. PLL does not cover that corner of the disc.
300
What might lead to coxa valga?
What is insufficient WB forces in childhood?
300
Knee flexors are innervated by what nerve?
What is tibial portion of sciatic?
300
List the 3 parts of the foot and the function of each.
What are rearfoot/hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot?
Rearfoot - stability, designed for initial contact and absorb force of impact. Midfoot - stability, helps absorb impact and transmits movement to the forefoot. Forefoot - accomodates to the ground and becomes a lever for push off.
300
Cross your legs man-style. What muscle does all of those actions?
What is Sartorius?
400
Name the one spinal ligament that prevents extension.
What is ALL?
400
Describe how can you tell the difference between iliopsoas and rectus femoris tightness.
What is Thomas test vs. Modified Thomas test?
400
Name the 3 muscles that make up the pes anserine.
What are sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus?
400
The majority of the foot intrinsics are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve. Name the ones that are innervated by the medial plantar nerve.
What are: Flex Dig Brevis, Abd Hall, Flex Hall Brevis, & 1st lumbrical.
400
Describe the process to distinguish between femoral torsion and tibial torsion.
Match up knee and toes in standing and sitting.
500
Describe a pars interarticularis fracture and what it can lead to.
Fracture of lumbar vertebra between the two articular processes. Can lead to spondylolisthesis.
500
List the 10 muscles that can flex the hip joint.
Iliacus, Psoas major, Pectineus, Rectus Femoris, Sartorius, TFL, Gracilis, Add Longus, Add Brevis and Add Magnus
500
Describe where the ACL attaches to the tibia and femur and the route it travels (use directional terminology).
Attaches to anteromedial part of the intercondylar eminence and travels superolateral & posterior to attach onto the inner surface of the lateral femoral condyle.
500
While observing a person walking you notice that they demonstrate excessive right lateral flexion (side bend) during stance phase on the right. 'Sup?
What is compensated trendenlenberg gait (right gluteus medius weakness)?
500
List the deep 6 external rotators in order from superior to inferior.