Physical Changes of Aging
What is Presbyopia?
Presbyopia is age-related difficulty in seeing close objects, often starting in the mid-40s to early 50s.
What is fluid intelligence and how does it change with age?
Fluid intelligence is problem-solving and reasoning; it typically declines with age.
What is continuity theory?
Older adults strive to maintain a consistent lifestyle and self-identity across time.
What age range is Generativity vs. Stagnation?
40-65 years old (middle adulthood)
What is osteoporosis?
A condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to low bone mass; risks include menopause, low calcium intake, inactivity, and genetics.
What is presbycusis?
Reduced sensitivity to high frequency tones.
Define crystallized intelligence and give an example.
Accumulated knowledge and experience; e.g., vocabulary or historical facts — it tends to remain stable or increase with age.
Competence-Environmental Press Theory says that adaptation occurs when?
When there is a balance between the ability to cope and the level of demand placed by the environment.
What age range is Integrity vs. Despair?
65+ years (older adult)
What is the climacteric?
A time where a female passes from her reproductive to nonreproductive years.
What are cataracts?
Opaque areas on the eyes.
What happens to working memory and processing speed in late adulthood?
Working memory and processing speed declines.
What is socioemotional selectivity theory?
Older adults prioritize emotionally meaningful goals and relationships as time horizons shrink.
What age range is Intimacy vs. Isolation?
18-40 years old (young adulthood)
What is osteoarthritis?
What is glaucoma?
High internal pressure in the eye.
What is Alzheimer's disease and what are early symptoms?
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder; early signs include memory loss, confusion, and disorientation.
Proactivity vs. Docility
Proactivity: when people exert control over their lives to meet their needs.
Docility:when people allow the situation to dictate the options.
What age range is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
12-18 Years old (adolescent)
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A more destruction autoimmune disease of the joints that involves inflammation.
What hormonal changes occur during menopause?
A sharp decline in estrogen and progesterone, leading to symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings.
A progressive and neurological disorder that presents with characteristic motor symptoms and results from a decline in dopamine production.
What is Kubler-Ross's work?
She proposed 5 different stages that she believed represented the typical range of emotional development in the dying.
Define generativity and give an example.
Concern for guiding the next generation; e.g., mentoring, volunteering, raising children.
What is the difference between ADLs and IADLS?
ADLs: basic self-care (e.g., bathing); IADLs: complex tasks (e.g., managing money, cooking).