Local Politics
County, municipal, and special districts are all examples of...?
Local governments
The agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of size of its population, and linked representation in the House of Reps to population size.
What is the Great Compromise?
Individual rights that limit the government’s authority to interfere in certain spheres of activity (i.e free speech and religion).
What are civil liberties?
The separate but equal doctrine was established in this USSC case.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
These rights are protected by the First Amendment (name at least 2).
What is freedom of speech, of religion, of the press, assembly, or to petition the government for a redress of grievances?
The number of times the Constitution mentions local governments.
What is zero?
A legislative body composed of two chambers or houses
What is a bicameral legislature?
The requirement that courts exclude evidence obtained in violation of the 4th Amendment.
What is the exclusionary rule?
This USSC case established that states must recognize gay marriage.
What is Obergefell v. Hodges? (Due Process Clause of the Constitution and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment)
This Amendment established federalism.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
This rule limits local actions and subordinates them to their state.
What is Dillon's Rule?
These individuals were prominent Federalists (name at least two).
Who are Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, John Jay?
The Fifth Amendment right that guarantees that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime.
What is double jeopardy?
This test is used by the USSC in gender discrimination cases, which places the burden of proof partially on the government and partially on the challengers to show the the law in question is constitutional.
What is intermediate scrutiny?
This amendment protects against double jeopardy.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
These are the two main reasons nationalization has occurred.
What is (1) less media coverage of local politics
and (2) less political relevance?
Powers that the Constitution explicitly grants to the federal government
What are expressed powers?
The process by which the first ten amendments were applied to the states.
What is incorporation?
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
What are civil rights?
This is the primary recommendation made by Howell and Moe to fix "America's Antiquated Constitution"
What is the presidential fast track?
The rule that ensures local governments have some autonomy and legal protection
What is home rule, in the context of local governments?
The ways in which each branch of government is able to influence the activities of the other branches.
What are checks and balances?
The USSC case that guarantees that no citizen shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
This court case limited the impact of Swann by ruling that only cities guilty of de cure racial segregation would have to desegregate.
What is Milliken v. Bradley?
Name 2 ways the Constitution’s federalist framework is being tested by COVID-19.
(1) Governors’ executive powers have expanded
(2) Variation in the legal frameworks that govern the electoral process
(3) Hyper-federalized elections
(4) Difficult for voters to hold elected officials accountable