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Which muscle forms an X, pulls apex medially, rocks arytenoid and vocal folds down and in?
Oblique arytenoid muscle
What is Aditus?
Entry to the larynx
What is vestibule?
space between the aditus and ventricular folds(false vocal folds)
Where is thyrohyoid membrane?
between the greater cornu of the hyoid and thyroid laminae
What are four depressors?
sternohyoid muscle, omohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, thyrohyoid muscle
What muscle is sole abductor of the vocal folds?
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
The function of Cricothyroid joint
Gliding joint, thyroid rocks down in front, thyroid glides forward/backward, change in vocal pitch, cricoid cartilage and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
Middle space of the larynx
Lies between the margins of the false vocal folds and true vocal folds
Where is Lateral Thyrohyoid ligament?
Superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage to posterior tip of greater cornu hyoid
What forms false vocal folds?
Quadrangular membranes
-Originates at inner thyroid angle and sides of epiglottis and form an upper cone that narrows and terminates at the arytenoid and corniculate cartilages.
Which muscle is vital element in vocal intensity change?
Transverse Arytenoid muscle
Functions of Cricoarytenoid joint
Gliding joint, vocal processes rock toward each other(vocal folds approximate), arytenoids glides which changes vocal fold length, arytenoid rotate which permits abduction, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
Which muscles tense the vocal fold? Together they are the major contributors for pitch change.
Pars Recta, Pars Oblique - Cricothyroid muscle
From corpus hyoid to thyroid notch
Functions of Aryepiglottic muscles
From the side of the epiglottis to the arytenoid, from the upper margin of the quadrangular membrane, from the aryepiglottic folds, pyriform sinus is the space between the aryepiglottic folds and the thyroid cartilage.
What two layers combine to make up the vocal ligament?
-1 Function
ILP AND DLP
Stiffness and support
Difference between pars recta and pars oblique
Pars Recta: rocks the thyroid cartilage downward, brings thyroid and cricoid closer together in front, makes the posterior cricoid more distant from the thyroid, vocal folds are stretched
Pars Oblique: thyroid slides forward, tense the vocal folds
What are three extrinsic ligaments to connect the larynx and the hyoid bone?
Throhyoid membrane, Lateral thyrohyoid ligament, Median thyrohyoid ligament
Which ligaments attach the epiglottis to hyoid and inner thyroid cartilage, just below the notch?
Hyoepiglottic ligament/thyroepiglottic ligament
Where is pyriform sinus?
5 layers of vocal fold structure and what is each layer comprised of?
Most superficial layer - epithelium
glistening white appearance, protective layer, mucosal lining(combination of epithelia lining and first layer)
Second layer - superficial lamina propria
elastin fibers, stretched, cushions
Third layer - intermediate lamina propria
elastin fibers running in an anterior and posterior direction
provide elasticity and strength
Fourth layer - deep lamina propria
collagen fibers that prohibit extension
Fifth layer - thyroarytenoid muscle - active element of the voal folds
Which muscle elevate the larynx, but constrict the pharynx and is innervated by the Recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus?
Thyropharyngeus Muscle
What muscle depresses the hyoid bone and larynx?
omohyoid muscle
What ligament attaches the trachea to the larynx?
Cricotracheal ligament
lowering is clearly evident following the pharyngeal stage in swallowing
sternohyoid muscle