Exam 4

1

100

When can gestational diabetes begin?

Second half of pregnancy (around 24-28 wks)

200

What hormones are involved in insulin resistance in pregnant women? 

Human placental lactogen (hPL), prolactin, cortisol
and glycogen level

300

Fasting 126 mg/dL or above
 HbA1C over 7%
 Random glucose 200mg/dL

pre-gestational diabetes

400

gestational diabetes lab values

 75g OGTT 1 hour 150mg/dL or more
 Fasting BG 95 mg /dL or over

500

Insulin requirements rise in the _____ trimester,
double or _____ by term

second; quadruple 

2

100

Risks to the pregnant person(8)

Polyhydramnios
Preeclampsia
Preterm labor
Spontaneous abortion
Hyperglycemia/acidosis
Retinopathy
Increased risk for
infection
C-Sections

200

Risk to newborn (7)

Congenital defects
Macrosomia
IUGR/prematurity
Hypoglycemia
Respiratory distress
syndrome/ Asphyxia
Polycythemia
Hyperbilirubinemia

300

TX for Blood sugars less than 40mg/dl 

Early feedings with breast
milk/formula by oral or NG route

400

Level > ____ mg/dl are then referred for a  3-hour
GTT

150

500

Hemoglobin A1C; values greater than ___% are
associated with fetal anomalies

10 %

3

100

Disorders with increased
pulmonary blood flow

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

200

Disorders with decreased
pulmonary blood flow:

tetralogy of Fallot

300

Most common congenital heart defect (30%)

VSD

Harsh (loud, blowing), holosystolic murmur located at the LLSB
It can lead to heart failure, pulmonary hypertension,
endocarditis, dysrhythmias, and delayed growth.

400

Spontaneous closure of small VSDs occurs in about ___ of children by age___

half; 2

500

TOF defects: (RAPS)

Right ventricle hypertrophy
 Aorta displacement: Overriding aorta straddles
the VSD
 Pulmonary stenosis (a narrowing of the
pulmonary valve and outflow tract which
obstructs blood flow from right ventricle to
lungs)
 Septal defect, Ventricular (VSD)

4

100

CYANOSIS is most commonly related to which heart defect 

TOF

blueish fingers and mouth especially during crying episodes (TET SPELL)

200

digoxin considerations

Prior to administering each dose, count apical
pulse for 1 full minute, noting rate, rhythm,
and quality. *Withhold if apical pulse is <60 in
an adolescent, <70 child, <90 in an infant.*

300

HELLP
Syndrome (preeclampsia) 

• Hemolysis
• Elevated Liver
enzymes
• Low Platelets

Nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, and epigastric pain

400

Eclampsia

Seizures

Lungs Auscultated for pulmonary edema

500

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall characterized by painful bleeding.

Abruptio Placentae

5

100

Complete or partial covering of cervix by the placenta characterized by painless bright red bleeding.

Placenta previa

200

Hydramnios (Polyhydramnios)

more than 2,000 mL of amniotic fluid

300

Oligohydramnios

decreased amniotic fluid volume for gestational age

400

• A disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity- impulsivity 

ADHD

500

what time are we going to leave tonight?

By 7:45