ENDOSYMBIOSIS
Engulfing of a host cell that already contains an endosymbiont.
What is secondary endosymbiosis?
Excavates group that does not contain parasites.
What are Euglenids?
Nutritional mode that consumes other cells or detritus.
What is heterotrophy?
Silica-based exoskeleton of diatoms.
What is the frustule?
What fungal cell walls are made of.
What is chitin?
Organelles acquired first in eukaryotic evolution.
What are mitochondria?
Oldest eukaryotic lineage.
What are Excavates?
Lifestyle of free-floating protists in water.
What is planktonic?
Organisms in the Stramenopiles.
What are diatoms, brown algae, golden algae, and oomycetes?
Fungal phylum with flagellated unicellular spores.
What are Chytrids (Chytridiomycota)?
Difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis.
What is “primary = engulfing a prokaryote; secondary = engulfing a eukaryote”?
Organelle in Parabasalids producing ATP, hydrogen, and acetate.
What is the hydrogenosome?
Source of Euglenid chloroplasts.
What are green algae?
Reason diatoms fossilize so well.
What is their silica frustule?
Fungal groups with coenocytic hyphae and zygospores.
What are Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota?
Superkingdom formed after secondary endosymbiosis of green algae.
What are the Excavates (Euglenids) / some SAR groups?
Alternative mitochondria-like structures of Diplomonads and Parabasalids.
What are mitosomes and hydrogenosomes?
Cytoplasmic sacs beneath membranes characterizing alveolates.
What are alveoli?
Cellular structure present in all Haptophytes.
What is the haptonema?
Fungal subphylum that makes beer and bread.
What is Saccharomycotina?
Organelle in Apicomplexans derived from algal endosymbiosis, essential for fatty acid synthesis.
What is the apicoplast?
Human diseases caused by excavates such as Giardia, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma.
What are giardiasis, trichomoniasis, sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease?
Structure distinguishing Rhizaria from all other protists.
What are reticulose pseudopodia?
Calcium carbonate structure produced by coccolithophores.
What are coccoliths?
Subphylum that causes most food spoilage.
What is Pezizomycotina?