Brain Structures & Functions
This dural septum separates the two cerebral hemispheres.
falx cerebri?
This cranial nerve is responsible for taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
CN VII (Facial nerve)
This type of neuron carries sensory information toward the CNS.
afferent neuron
These receptors respond to mechanical stimuli like touch and pressure.
mechanoreceptors
This structure relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
thalamus
This structure regulates circadian rhythms via melatonin secretion.
pineal gland
Damage to this nerve results in inability to abduct the eye.
CN VI (Abducens nerve)
This reflex involves contralateral extension to maintain balance.
crossed-extensor reflex
These fibers are fast, myelinated, and transmit sharp pain.
A-delta fibers
This pathway carries motor commands from cortex to skeletal muscles.
corticospinal tract
Damage to this area results in inability to produce speech but preserved comprehension.
Broca’s area
This cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal organs.
CN X (Vagus nerve)
This spinal cord region contains motor neuron cell bodies.
ventral horn
This determines stimulus intensity based on frequency of action potentials.
AP frequency coding
This type of tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres.
commissural tracts
This system maintains consciousness by sending impulses to the cortex via the thalamus.
reticular activating system (RAS)
This nerve carries both equilibrium and hearing information.
CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve)
Injury at C3–C5 affects this nerve and can cause respiratory paralysis.
phrenic nerve
These receptors adapt slowly and remain active during prolonged stimuli.
tonic receptors
These neurons are located in the thalamus and project to the cortex.
tertiary neurons
This brain region integrates emotional responses and links them to memory formation.
limbic system
This cranial nerve has three branches and is responsible for facial sensation and mastication.
CN V (Trigeminal nerve)
This reflex tests corticospinal tract integrity and is abnormal in adults when toes fan outward.
Babinski sign
This phenomenon occurs when visceral pain is perceived at a cutaneous site.
referred pain
This process converts short-term memory into long-term memory via synaptic changes.
memory consolidation (encoding)