Light Reactions
What are the 2 forms of electron flow involved in the light reactions?
Cyclic and Non-cyclic electron flow
What is the first stage of the Calvin Cycle called?
Carbon Fixation
DNA is made up of macromolecule held together by what other kind of macromolecule?
Nucleic Acids. Proteins (amino acids).
What is the shortest phase of the Cell cycle?
Mitosis
How many chromosomes do daughter cells have compared to the parent cell prior to meiosis?
They have half as many. (Dipoid --> Haploid)
When is NADPH synthesized in the light reactions?
Cyclic electron flow from PS-II to PS-I to NADP+ reductase
Which organic compound is used to fix CO2 in photosynthesis in C3 plants?
Rubisco (an enzyme) fixes CO2 Ribulose Bisphosphate (RUBP- a carbohydrate)
Where microtubules attach to chromosomes for separation of linear chromosomes?
At the centromere, forming kinetochores.
How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle?
3
DAILY DOUBLE
How many daughter gametes result from 1 cell that undergoes meiosis (I and II)?
4 Daughter gamete cells
From which molecules to which molecules is energy from photons conducted so that the electrons present can be excited?
From accessory pigment molecules to chlorophyll a molecules
What is the second stage of the Calvin Cycle? How many CO2 molecules are required to produce 1 Glucose molecule?
The Reduction phase using ATP and NADPH. 6 CO2 molecules.
What is a specific location on a chromosome called?
A locus
What occurs during S phase in the cell cycle? What occurs during G0?
DNA is replicated. The cell stops going through the rest of the cell cycle and does not grow/divide while in G0 phase.
How many autosomes do humans have in each of their cells?
22 autosomes
Where do electrons come from that enter photosystem II?
They come from splitting water. H2O
DAILY DOUBLE
Which wavelength of light is best absorbed for the photosystem involved in the Calvin Cycle?
Trick question! The Calvin Cycle does not need photons.
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
An allele is a variation of a gene.
During which phases does the cell grow? When are organelles replicated so that each of 2 daughter cells will have enough?
G1 and G2. G2.
What are 3 sources of genetic variation associated with sexual reproduction?
Crossing over, Independent assortment, and Random fusion of gametes
Where is the H+ concentration greater: within the stroma or within the thylakoid space?
Within the Thylakoid space
How do CAM plants put their own spin on normal photosynthesis?
They alter the Calvin Cycle so that Carbon fixation occurs during the night, and the other steps occur during the day. They also form a 4 carbon intemediate first instead of a 3 carbon intermediate.
What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?
A chromatid is a copy of a chromosome. A chromosome can be made up of more than one chromatid.
What molecule is used to induce mitosis?
CdK (it binds with cyclins to make MPF)
Where does crossing over occur?
Prophase I