Productivity
The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include ________.
A) phosphorus
B) nitrogen
C) carbon dioxide and nitrogen
D) carbon dioxide
E) nitrogen and phosphorus
E) nitrogen and phosphorus
Dolphins and porpoises emit sounds from their ________.
A) melon
B) blowhole
C) museau du singe
D) nostril
E) junk
B) blowhole
Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they ________.
A) cannot tolerate desiccation or drying out
B) cannot tolerate fluctuating salinity
C) cannot tolerate temperature fluctuations
D) have planktonic larval forms
E) are sessile
A) cannot tolerate desiccation or drying out
The most serious threat to coral reefs are ________.
A) tsunami
B) floods
C) sea stars
D) hurricanes
E) humans
E) humans
Which of the following is not a natural cause for global climate change?
A) Variation in the Earth's orbit
B) Tectonic plate movement
C) Volcanic activity
D) Changes in solar input
E) Increase in elevation
E) Increase in elevation
Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates?
A) Hypoxic zones
B) Equatorial downwelling zones
C) Dead zones
D) Coastal upwelling zones
D) Coastal upwelling zones
Squids, fish, sea turtles, and marine mammals are examples of ________ organisms.
A) phytoplanktonic
B) zooplanktonic
C) abyssal
D) benthic
E) nektonic
E) nektonic
The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is ________.
A) flattened body shape
B) swimming
C) attachment to the substrate
D) sessile lifestyle
E) burrowing into the sediment
E) burrowing into the sediment
Coral bleaching often occurs in response to ________.
A) elevated temperatures
B) decreased sunlight
C) increased nutrients
D) influx of freshwater
E) high turbidity
A) elevated temperatures
Which of the following is not an effect of climate change in the oceans?
A) Melting of polar ice
B) Decreasing ocean acidity
C) Increasing ocean temperatures
D) Increasing hurricane intensity
E) Changes in deep-water circulation
B) Decreasing ocean acidity
The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as ________.
A) maximum fishing effort allowed after overfishing occurs
B) annual harvest that will balance natural mortality and predation
C) largest catch that can be taken without overfishing
D) minimum catch that will still allow the population to increase
E) largest catch that will cover the minimum cost of fishing
C) largest catch that can be taken without overfishing
Individual members of a feeding population in a food chain are generally ________ in size and ________ numerous than their prey.
A) smaller; more
B) larger; more
C) smaller; less
D) larger; less
D) larger; less
Strong attachment threads, biological adhesives, a muscular foot, multiple legs, or hundreds of tube feet are adaptations to cope with which of the following adverse conditions of the rocky intertidal zone?
A) Difficulty finding mates
B) Drying out during low tide
C) Lack of space or attachment sites
D) Predators
E) Strong wave activity
E) Strong wave activity
Reefs grow as far north and south as 35° latitude on the ________ margins of ocean basins.
A) central
B) western
C) southern
D) northern
E) eastern
B) western
The world's oceans play a role in reducing global warming by ________.
A) removing carbon dioxide and sequestering carbon dioxide above the thermocline
B) trapping carbon dioxide in sea ice
C) absorbing surplus heat energy
D) moving carbon dioxide and nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface ocean
E) increasing oceanic primary productivity
C) absorbing surplus heat energy
Overproduction of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to ________.
A) phototropism
B) net primary productivity
C) autotrophication
D) eutrophication
E) photoperiodicity
D) eutrophication
Red muscle tissue in fish supplies a much ________ amount of oxygen and supports a much
________ metabolic rate than white tissue.A) greater; higher
B) lesser; higher
C) lesser; lower
D) greater; lower
A) greater; higher
Stinging cells, camouflage, and an inking response are adaptations to cope with which of the following adverse conditions of the rocky intertidal zone?
A) Difficulty finding mates
B) Drying out during low tide
C) Lack of space or attachment sites
D) Predators
E) Strong wave activity
D) Predators
Sewage discharge and fertilizer runoff is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the ________.
A) amount of toxic synthetic chemicals which stimulate excessive bacterial growth
B) water temperature that kills zooxanthellae
C) amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth
D) salinity of the water that results in coral bleaching
E) water temperature that results in coral bleaching
C) amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth
Which of the following is not considered paleoclimatological proxy data?
A) Reversed magnetic polarity
B) Cave deposits
C) Sea floor sediments
D) Tree-growth rings
E) Fossil pollen
A) Reversed magnetic polarity
The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is ________.
A) temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters
B) temperate waters, tropical waters, polar waters
C) tropical waters, temperate waters, polar waters
D) polar waters, tropical waters, temperate waters
E) polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters
E) polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters
What are the different types of symbiosis?
a. mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
b. mutualism, comparisonism, parasitism
c. beneficiary, commensalism, dominance
d. mutualsim, community, parasitism
a. mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
Release of large numbers of eggs into the water column is an adaptation to cope with which of the following adverse conditions of the rocky intertidal zone?
A) Difficulty finding mates
B) Drying out during low tide
C) Lack of space or attachment sites
D) Predators
E) Strong wave activity
A) Difficulty finding mates
What conditions limit the distribution of corals worldwide?
a. warm water temperatures, enough animals to support the ecosystem, soft sediment
b. cold water temperatures, low light levels, high sediment levels, soft sediment to attach to
c. cold water temperatures, close to shore to get nutrients, rough waves, strong currents
d. warm water temperatures, high light levels, low sediment levels, hard substrate to attach to
d. warm water temperatures, high light levels, low sediment levels, hard substrate to attach to
Which of the following statements about human-caused climate change is correct?
A) Scientific consensus about human-caused climate change was only established in the past
five years.
B) Social acceptance of human-caused climate change by the U.S. general public lags far behind scientists.
C) The most highly trained experts in climate science have the most disagreement that human
activities are causing the recent changes in Earth's climate.
D) The vast majority of scientists do not accept human-caused climate change.
E) Stolen e-mails from researchers at the University of East Anglia proved that climate change is
an elaborate hoax invented by climate scientists.
B) Social acceptance of human-caused climate change by the U.S. general public lags far behind scientists.