Ch.12
2 divisions of the nervous system
central nervous system(CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
A period of time where you CANNOT have another action potential
absolute refractory period
Bonus: what is a relative refractory period?
The somatosensory cortex is located in this lobe of the brain
Parietal lobe
The emotional brain, intense pain, and pleasure
Limbic system
The anterior spinothalamic tract would be what type of pathway?
Sensory
Difference between somatic sensory vs. visceral sensory
somatic is consciously perceived while visceral is not consciously perceived
a neuroglial cell that produces cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Epindymal cell
Information filter of the brain
Thalamus
responsible for the reflex of the head in response to light
superior colliculi
A portion of skin that provides sensory info to the CNS paired with corresponding spinal nerves
Dermatome
This type of axonal transport allows for anterograde and retrograde transport
Fast axonal flow
If the thyroid gland is my effector my motor neuron would be classified as a _______ motor neuron
Autonomic
Order of meninge layers from most superficial to deep (3 layers)
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed here
arachnoid villi
5 components of a reflex arc
Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector.
Connected by gap junctions which allow ions to pass through to propagate an action potential down multiple neuron
Electrical synapses
one of the 4 Astrocyte functions, is found in the PNS or CNS?
Support neurons, Guide migration of young neurons, control chemical environment through the blood-brain barrier, learning
Found in the CNS
Involved in autonomic control of heart rate, respiratory rate, and vasomotor control.
medulla oblongata
What are the three centers called?
The main regulator of homeostasis in the brain?
name one thing this part of the brain regulates
Hypothalamus
• Regulator of homeostasis
–Controls & integrates activities of ANS
–Feeding, thirst & satiety centers
–Controls body temperature
–Regulates daily patterns of sleep
• Regulates rage, aggression, pain, pleasure &
arousal
• Endocrine functions
–Synthesizes regulatory hormones
How do the lengths if preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons between the sympathetic and parasympathetic differ?
Sympathetic: Pre-G neurons are short and post-G neurons are long
Parasympathetic: Pre-G neurons are long(ganglia is close to the effector) and post-G neurons are short
Graded potential vs Action potentials
Graded potentials- Receptive segment. due to ion flow through chemically gated channels. can be + or - in charge and larger or smaller depending on the stimulus. Are local
Action Potential- Conductive region. Ion flow voltage-gated channels. Involve depolarization and repolarization. All or none. Propagates down the whole axon
3 ways of removal of neurotransmitters
How do antidepressants such as Prozac work?
Diffusion, Enzymatic degradation, Uptake by neurons or glia cells
Bonus: Which neuroglial cell can participate in the uptake of neurotransmitters?
Prozac blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, so serotonin stays in system longer.
Involved in proprioception, learned movement, skilled movement, fine motor movement. Also houses almost half the neurons in the brain
Cerebellum
Bonus: What is a cerebellar peduncle and where are they located?
Name any 4 of the 12 cranial nerves
CN I = Olfactory
(Sensory)
Cranial Nerve II – Optic (Sensory)
Cranial Nerve III – Oculomotor (Motor)
Cranial Nerve IV – Trochlear (Motor)
Cranial Nerve V – Trigeminal (Mixed)
Cranial Nerve VI – Abducens (Motor)
Cranial Nerve VII – Facial (Mixed)
40
Cranial Nerve VIII – Vestibulocochlear
(Sensory)
Cranial Nerve IX – Glossopharyngeal
(Mixed)
Cranial Nerve X – Vagus (Mixed)
Cranial Nerve XI – Accessory Nerve (Motor)
Cranial Nerve XII – Hypoglossal (Motor)
2 cells that participate in myelination?
How do they differ?
oligodendrocytes(CNS) and Schwann cell (PNS)
oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple CNS axons
Schwann cells(PNS) myelinate single portions of axons by enclosing the axon with its plasma membrane creating a neurolemma. Allows for Axon Regeneration. Bonus: what 3 conditions have to be met for regeneration to occur