pop. & community ecology
what kind of factor is predation?
density-dependent
what are we currently undergoing?
a global wave of biodiversity loss, 6th mass extinction
innate vs learned
innate- behavior born with
learned- behavior needs to be learned
in what type of succession does soil already exist?
secondary
define endemism
a species is native and unique to a specific region
list the 3 methods used to estimate population size
quadrats, transects, and mark and recapture
what promotes endemism?
isolation
what are the two characteristics of a fixed action pattern?
triggered under certain conditions, and runs to completion once started.
how is biodiversity important to human health?
used for medicines and applications in human life
how is biodiversity important to ecosystem services?
allows for more stable functioning, which benefits more organisms
differ between exponential and logistical growth
exponential: J-curve, not sustainable, theoretical growth w/o restrictions
logistical: L-curve, has a carrying capacity, recognizes resources are limited
in what environment is overharvesting a major threat?
marine/freshwater
differentiate ontogeny and function
ontogeny- developmental history
function- evolutionary history
If the amount of food & resources available for a species increases, what happens to the carrying capacity?
it also increases!
what factors promote diversity?
habitat diversity, warmer temperatures, water availability
what looks at birth rates, death rates, and life expectancies?
demography
which population distribution pattern is most likely to occur due to limited resources?
clumped
a male lion kills unrelated cubs when taking over a new pride. what is this an example of?
kin selection (fake altruism)
what is currently happening to species at a rate never seen before?
extinction
Socio-economic trends are very similar to earth system trends.
if a population has an equal amount of births and deaths, what growth and age structure would it have?
rapid growth
what is a land ethic?
land has a right to exist and it's our duty to protect it. idea that humans are a part of the land community
distinguish between proximate and ultimate explanations for behavior.
proximate: behavior of 1 individual's life time
ultimate: evolutionary reason for behavior
what are the 3 conditions for reciprocal altruism?
1. repeated interactions
2. recipient benefits are more than the costs to the donor
3. ability to punish those who are never donors (cheaters)
what are the 3 criteria for prioritizing biodiversity hotspots?
species richness, taxonomic uniqueness, and species endemism