Self-Regulation
What are the three core executive functions?
Inhibition, Working Memory, & Cognitive Flexibility
What researcher found that girls are more likely to have a care orientation toward moral issues, and boys to have a justice orientation?
Carol Gilligan
True or False: One in 8 students aged 12+ are bullied at school.
False: One in Five students are bullied.
This term describes the challenges students face when moving to a new school.
school transition
What is the most common extracurricular students are involved in?
Sports
This executive function helps you admit when you're wrong and switch perspectives.
cognitive flexibility
In Kohlberg's theory, which stage would a person say Heinz was wrong to steal the drug because he would get punished?
Stage 1
This type of aggression is spontaneous and emotional.
reactive aggression
According to Jacquelynne Eccles, middle schools often create this when their structure clashes with adolescents’ developmental needs.
developmental mismatch
Approximately what percentage of kids aged 5 and younger are in childcare?
60%
This system is responsible for processing of emotions, social information, rewards and punishment
Limbic System
Megan, who follows rules to avoid punishment, is at this level of Kohlberg’s theory.
preconventional reasoning
Jayden is walking down the hallway when someone bumps into him from behind, causing him to drop his books. Without looking to see who it was, Jayden immediately yells, “What’s your problem?! You did that on purpose!” What kind of bias is Jayden exhibiting?
hostile attributional bias
Schools teach students how to behave and work with others through this process.
Socialization
This form of media has the strongest evidence linking repeated childhood exposure to later aggression, tolerance for violence, and desensitization—especially for children with a history of aggression.
TV
This executive function is necessary for making sense of events occurring across time.
working memory
Leona obeys the teacher because the school rules say she must and it is her duty to obey school rules. Which of Kohlberg's reasoning stages is Leona showing?
conventional reasoning
Students who are rejected by peers are at greater risk for these two outcomes.
Increased risk of depression, range of behavior problems, and academic difficulties
This concept explains how marginalized students may internalize teacher biases over time.
self-fulfilling prophecy
Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the reciprocal (bi-directional) link between children’s interests and their media exposure?
Media practice model
Young children often need support from caregivers to regulate themselves. What kind of regulation is this called?
co-regulation
A student argues that stealing medicine to save someone’s life is okay because protecting human life is more important than the law. What level of Kohlberg’s theory does this represent?
Postconventional Level
Scotty isn’t part of the “in crowd” at school, but he is a really nice, thoughtful, and funny person. Scotty may be low in _____ popularity but high in _____ popularity.
perceived; sociometric
Scotty isn’t part of the “in crowd” at school, but he is a really nice, thoughtful, and funny person. Scotty may be low in perceived popularity but high in sociometric popularity.
Jenny is moving from elementary school into middle school. Based on studies of school transitions, what we would expect Jenny to experience declines in?
Jamal, a 15-year-old, frequently watches motivational YouTube videos and listens to music that reflects his personal values and emotions. He says this media helps him feel more confident and understood. What theory emphasizes how identity and personal needs shape media use?
Media practice model