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What is the difference in side effects between 1st generation antihistamines and 2nd generation antihistamines?
1st generation antihistamines have larger sedating and anticholinergic effects and 2nd generation antihistamines do not
Fill in the blank: Albuterol & Levalbuterol are ____ -acting drugs and Formoterol & Salmeterol are ____ - acting drugs.
Short, Long
How should biphosphonates be taken?
Take with 8oz of water on an empty stomach, Sit upright or ambulate for 30 minutes after taking
What are the S/S of hypoglycemia v.s. hyperglycemia?
Hypoglycemia - shakiness, hunger, headache, sweating, dizziness
Hyperglycemia - Polydipsia/Polyphagia, warm, dry, N/V, blurred vision
Memory trick: "Hot and dry, sugar's high. Cold and clammy, eat some candy."
Which class of medications should patients with a history of heart disease, irregular vaginal bleeding, or fibroid tumors should avoid due to multiple systemic and reproductive risks?
Estrogens, Progesterones, and Combined Oral Contraceptives
What are three contraindications to taking 1st generation antihistamines?
Narrow-angle glaucoma, BPH, and older adults
Which condition is treated using timolol and latanoprost?
What are some adverse effects of corticosteroids?
Suppression of adrenal gland function, Cushing’s syndrome, Bone loss/osteoporosis, Hyperglycemia and Glycosuria, Myopathy, Peptic ulcer disease, Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, Growth suppression in children, Retention of sodium and water
Which anti diabetic medication must be stopped prior to procedures using contrast? How far in advance should it be stopped?
Metformin should be stopped 24-48 hours prior to the procedure using contrast dye.
What is the mechanism of action for tamsulosin?
It relaxes the smooth muscle of the bladder neck.
What side effects of decongestants should be reported to the provider?
Palpitations, Hypertension, Arrhythmias, Allergic reaction, Severe CNS Symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, convulsions
How should a patient be educated to take levothyroxine?
It should be taken 4 hours before vitamins/supplements or any other medications, 30-60 minutes before breakfast on an empty stomach with water only
What is the proper procedure for mixing insulins?
Inspect, roll, clean tops, Cloudy (air), clear (air), clear (draw), cloudy (draw)
Memory tricks: "RN" - Regular then NPH, Clear > Cloudy - alphabetical order
T/F: Glucagon is used to lower the blood sugar in DKA situations.
False, glucagon is used to increase the blood sugar in hypoglycemic patients who are unable to consume oral glucose.
What are the contraindications for PDE5 inhibitors?
Nitrates: Nitroglycerin, isosorbide, mononitrate, nitroglycerin ointment, etc.
What is the key patient teaching for the drug Oxymetazoline?
Teach patients not to use the drug longer than 5 days
What drugs are used to treat diabetes insipidus?
Vasopressin and desmopressin
If a patient is receiving rapid acting insulin, and they will get their tray at 1900 then what time should they receive their insulin?
What is a cardiovascular risk associated with estrogen-containing contraceptives that makes them contraindicated in women over 35 years old who smoke?
Embolism/ Thromboembolism
What are the indications for finasteride?
Used to treat BPH and stimulate hair growth
What are sources of theophylline interactions?
Smoking can decrease serum levels and caffeine increases CNS stimulation
What are the side/adverse effects of calcitonin-salmon?
Hypocalcemia (A), GI disturbances, Rash, Flush, and Irritation
Signs include: Runny nose, Nose bleeds, Nasal irritation, Dry nose with crusting, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Flushing of the face, Back pain may occur
What are contraindications for glyburide and glipizide?
Sulfa allergy and DKA treatment
What is the adverse effect of estrogen and progesterone therapy that cause abnormal thickening of the uterine lining?
Endometrial hyperplasia
T/F: The therapeutic effects of finasteride are not immediate and can take up to 6 months to begin working.
True