Chapter 16
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Special nucleotide sequences at the end of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecules that help postpone the erosion of genes
What are TELOMERES?
The correct order of information flow in the central dogma of biology
What is DNA --> RNA --> Protein?
This DNA segment acts as the “on/off switch” in an operon.
What is the operator?
This type of viral nucleic acid can be either single-stranded or double-stranded and requires a virally encoded polymerase for genome replication inside the host cell.
What is RNA?
The separation of DNA restriction fragments of different lengths is accomplished by the use of this technology
What is gel electrophoresis?
In DNA replication the lagging strand is synthesized as these series of segments
What are Okazaki Fragments?
What is the proper order of the ribosomal binding sites that a tRNA moves in?
What is APE?
Because every cell contains the same genome, differences in cell type arise from this process.
What is differential gene expression?
This part of a virus is made of protein subunits and surrounds the viral genome.
What is the capsid?
This technology can produce many copies of (amplify) a specific target segment of DNA
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
What are PROTEINS?
A key component of the CRISPR system, this bacterial defense protein uses a guide RNA to locate viral DNA and cut it
What is Cas9 protein?
The type of operon that is usually off; a molecule called an inducer inactivates the repressor and that turns on transcription
What is an inducible operon?
This viral replication cycle results in the destruction of a bacterial cell as new phages burst out of it.
What is the lytic cycle?
What is CLONING?
Unwinds the parental double helix at the replication forks
A change in the DNA template strand from 3'-ATACTG-5' to 3'-ATCTG-5', altering a single base while keeping the reading frame intact, describes this type of mutation
What is a nucleotide-pair deletion? (a type of point mutation)
These small proteins tag other proteins for destruction.
What are ubiquitins?
These bacterial proteins recognize foreign viral DNA and cut it, helping bacteria defend themselves from phage infection.
What are restriction enzymes?
This relatively new biotechnology allows researchers to edit genes in living cells in a specific, desired way.
What is CRISPR- Cas9 system? (or just CRISPR)
A DNA molecule and it's associated proteins, in a highly condensed form
What is HETEROCHROMATIN?
This would be the mRNA sequence produced from the DNA coding strand 5'-AGGCTAC-3'
What is 5'-AGGCUAC-3'?
Signals from nearby embryonic cells cause differentiation in this process.
What is induction?
This type of RNA virus uses reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy that permanently inserts into the host genome, forming a provirus.
What is a retrovirus?
There is public concern over the use of these transgenic organisms as food
What is a Genetically Modified Organism? (Or GMO)