Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion
The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood
Tubular Reabsorption
Normal blood pH range
7.35-7.45
What is the main function of the endocrine system
To regulate bodily processes through hormones
which gland is known as the "master gland"
pituitary gland
A patient is hyperventilating and blowing off too much CO2. What imbalance is likely occurring?
Respiratory alkalosis
Location where most of the reabsorption occurs in a nephron
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
What is a blood pH below 7.35 called
acidosis
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
endocrine --> secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid then enter the bloodstream for distribution
exocrine --> secrete onto external surfaces or into external passageways (ducts) that connect to the exterior
What part of the brain controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
A patient has poor insulin production. Which gland is involved?
Pancreas
This substance is commonly secreted into the nephron
What major systems regulate acid-base balance
The type of chemical signaling that targets a distant cell
Endocrine
What are the effects of FSH
Females: stimulates maturation of ovarian
follicles and estrogen production
Males: stimulates sperm production
A patient’s kidneys secrete H+ and reabsorb bicarbonate to help correct pH. What body system is compensating?
Renal system
List the 4 primary roles of the PCT in reabsorption
1. Na+ reabsorption
2. Reabsorption of organic solutes and ions
3. Bicarbonate ion reabsorption
4. Obligatory H20 reabsorption
What happens to the blood when CO2 rises
It becomes more acidic
which type of regulation occurs when there is a prolonged exposure to a particular hormone in the blood
Down-regulation
List symptoms of Grave's Disease
■ Weight Loss (due to an increased metabolic rate)
■ Heat intolerance (due to excessive heat production)
■ Disruptions in heart rhythm…increased BP
■ Exophthalmos (bulging of the eyes): due to H20 retention in the
tissues surrounding the orbits
■ Goiter (an enlarged thyroid gland)
A patient has low blood calcium. Which hormone should increase?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the carbonic acid buffer system equation
CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3-
What is the acid-base imbalance that causes hypoventilation
Respiratory acidosis
Which type of stimulus occurs when blood levels of ions or nutrients trigger hormone release
Humoral stimulus
Which type of diabetes mellitus is insulin dependent?
Type 1 diabetes
A patient has glucose in the urine. What nephron process may be overwhelmed?
Tubular reabsorption of glucose