Patterns of Inheritance
Name the scientist who studied the patterns of inheritance using pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
What is an individuals genotype when they have different alleles for a gene?
Heterozygous
What method traces phenotypes in families and reveals the mode of inheritance?
Pedigree chart
Name the stem cells which come from very early embryos and can give rise to all cell types in the body vs stem cells which come from adult tissues and can give rise to many (but not all) cell types in the body.
Embryonic stem cells - Totipotent & Adult stem cells - Pluripotent.
What uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in fetuses, newborn, older children, and adults?
Genetic testing
Which of Mandel's laws states that two alleles of the same gene separate into different gametes?
Law of segregation
What is an individuals genotype when both alleles are the same?
Homozygous
What is the name of genes that are located of the same chromosome?
Linked genes
Name the individual/organism with recombinant DNA.
Transgenic organisms.
What method uses DNA sequencing and PCR to detect genetic differences among individuals?
DNA profiling
Which of Mandel's laws states that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene on a different chromosome?
Law of independent assortment
Disorders that are encoded by genes on the X chromosome are...
X-linked disorders
Name two modes of inheritance where a disorder can be inherited from one affected parent vs where a disorder must be inherited from both parents.
Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive.
Which method amplifies DNA in a test tube using the cell's replication machinery?
PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)
What is a single-stranded sequence of DNA that is labeled with a fluorescent tag, used to detect the presence of a known sequence of nucleotides?
DNA probe
What is a monohybrid cross?
Mating between individuals that are heterozygous for one gene - one trait only.
Name a type of inheritance in which two alleles of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual. i.e Blood types
Codominance
Which trait depends on more that one gene and varies continuously in its expression?
Polygenic trait
What is the name of the genetic material that has been cut with restriction enzymes and spliced with DNA from other sources?
Recombinant DNA
Which method uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in embryos that might later be implanted in a woman's uterus?
PGD (Preimplantation genetic diagnosis)
What is a dihybrid cross?
Mating between individuals that are heterozygous for two genes - two traits
Name a type of inheritance in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed. i.e. rr x rr = new phenotype.
Incomplete dominance
What is it called when one gene affects multiple phenotypes?
Pleitropy
Name the protein that cuts double stranded DNA at a specific base sequence.
Restriction Enzyme
Which method uses enzymes and "guide RNA" to delete, add, or alter specific genes?
CRISPR