BPH/Prostate Cancer
Signs and symptoms of BPH in men
Signs and symptoms include difficulty in starting and continuing urination, reduced force and size of urinary stream, sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, straining to begin urination, and postvoid dribbling/leaking.
What are risks for the development of urolithiasis?
Dehydration, family hx, obesity, diabetes, gout, poor diet, immobility, urinary stasis
F.A.S.T. stands for?
The letters (Face, Arms, Speech, and Time) can help you see the symptoms of an acute stroke in someone else and find help as soon as possible
How to prevent the formation of UTIs
Drink 2-3 L
Clean perineum from front to back.
Do not routinely delay urination
Sleep enough and good nutrition
Avoid irritating substances to the periarea
Risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease include
Age
Gender
Genetics
Name some complications of BPH
Urine retention, infection, incontinence, renal failure
What is pyelonephritis?
A bacterial infection of the kidneys, usually accompanied by costovertebral (flank) pain. It can be acute or chronic.
Symptoms of a TIA will last for less than X hours?
A TIA displays a sudden onset of symptoms lasting for a short duration <24 hours.
Outline Seizure Precautions
Protect the patient from injury.
Do not force anything into the patient's mouth.
Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration and keep the airway clear.
Remove any objects that might injure the patient.
Suction oral secretions if possible without force.
Loosen restrictive clothing.
Do not restrain or try to stop the patient's movement
These are the 4 classic symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Tremor
•Muscle rigidity
•Bradykinesia
•Postural instability
Identify modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for prostate cancer formation
Advanced age
First-degree relative with disease
African-American men
Gene mutation
Diet high in animal fat (red meat)
Obesity
These are causes of AKI
Pre-renal: injury occurs above the level of the kidney and is usually r/t reduced perfusion to kidneys
Intra-Renal: damage directly to kidney tissue
Post Renal: often caused by obstruction of urine outflow
Outline acute care of a stroke
Stroke Center preferred
ABCs
CT scan as fast as possible
Seizure precautions
Treatment differs based on type and pt condition
Describe nursing care following a seizure
-Allow for rest
-Calm, quiet environment
-Seizure precautions
-Avoid triggers
-Education on drug therapy
4 possible nursing diagnoses for Alzheimer's Disease
Impaired memory
Chronic confusion
Anxiety or Hopelessness
Caregiver role strain
Disturbed thought process
Self-care deficit
Risk for injuries or Risk for Falls
Wandering
Treatment options for Prostate Cancer
Active surveillance
Radiation (external/brachytherapy)
Drug
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD, or Stage 5 CKD) requires dialysis in order to live. Describe hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis involves passing blood through a dialyzer to filter the blood and excrete waste. Vascular access is required with HD as is anticoagulation (heparin). Peritoneal dialysis allows exchanges of wastes, fluid, electrolytes to occur in the peritoneal cavity.
Don't smoke
Take aspirin or plavix as prescribed
Lower cholesterol (lifestyle, diet, statins)
Control blood pressure
Reduce atherosclerosis
Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis include
Fatigue, severe weakness, eyelid drooping, weak respiratory muscles, facial weakness, dysphagia
What type of environment is most helpful for a patient with Alzheimer's dementia?
Safe environment with reduction of fall potential. Consistent staff with predictable schedule. Familiar objects. Wander guard.
Describe care of the patient after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
Monitor for infection
Early ambulation with assistance
Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)
Monitor and document the color, consistency, and amount of urine output.
Assess the patient for reports of severe bladder spasms with decreased urinary output, which may indicate obstruction.
If the urinary catheter is obstructed, irrigate it per agency or surgeon protocol.
Monitor for hemorrhage (urine return that looks like ketchup)
What are treatment options for calculi
Thiazide diuretic, allopurinol
Increase fluids
Lithotripsy
Stent placement
Percutaneous ureterolithotomy or nephrolithotomy
Open ureterolithotomy or nephrolithotomy
Who is a candidate for fibrinolytic therapy?
Ischemic stroke pts only.
No one over 80
Cannot be on anticoagulants
INR < or = 1.7
Hx of stroke or diabetes
Outline health promotion for patients with seizures
Do not stop anticonvulsants
Teach family emergency management
Avoid known triggers
General healthy habits
A patient complains of sudden onset of bilateral lower extremity weakness that has started in his toes and is now moving up to his knees and thighs. What condition do you suspect? How might it be treated?
GBS
Supportive care, rehab