Miscellaneous
The main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Donepezil (Aricept) is used to treat this
Alzheimer’s disease - educate family that it is not a cure and may take over a month to start working
This specific drug would be anticipated to be given in a drug overdose
Activated charcoal
Mint-flavored oral solution used for nausea for a pregnant woman that has no negative effects on the fetus
Phosphorated carbohydrate solution (Emetrol)
The risk for dependence is highest in this group of laxatives
Stimulants
Diarrhea causes this ph imbalance
Metabolic acidosis
This drug will be give for an overdose of a cholinergic drug
Atropine
The most common organism that probiotics are obtained from
Lactobacillus organisms
The adverse effect of antidopaminergics that may cause a discontinuation of the drug
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
This electrolyte may rise to a toxic level after taking saline laxatives with renal insufficiency
Magnesium
The two types of nausea we want to treat most aggressively
PONV and chemotherapy induced
Atropine does this to the heart
increases heart rate
The two drugs that Lomotil is made of
diphenoxylate and atropine
The two antiemetic drugs that affect dopamine
Antidopaminergic drugs
Prokinetics drugs
Bulk laxatives should be taken with this
A full glass of water
Polyethylene glycol 3350 (GoLYTELY) - a hyperosmotic laxative
The meaning of direct-acting cholinergic agonists and indirect-acting cholinergic agonists
Direct acting bind to cholinergic receptors, activating them and indirect inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase (which breaks down ACh)
Three reasons to avoid giving an antidiarrheal
C-diff infections, Parasite infections, Undiagnosed abdominal pain, Recent bowel surgeries, Bowel obstructions
Three conditions that antihistamines are used for
motion sickness, vertigo, promotes sedation, allergies
This is the reason why Methylnaltrexone dose not reverse opioids effect on pain relief
Peripherally Acting
Does not cross the BBB
Name two vomit pathways and a drug used in each one
Vestibular - anticholinergic and antihistamine
GI- serotonin blockers, prokinetics, emetrol
CTZ-dopamine antagonists and serotonin blockers
cerebral cortex - THC - corticosteriods
salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal distress, and emesis
The four drugs that make up Donnatal
phenobarbital / hyoscyamine / atropine / scopolamine
Three ways to manage the side effects of anticholinergic drugs
Eye care: eye drops and sunglasses
Dry mouth: hard candy
Constipation: increase fluids and fiber
The two actions of Senokot-S
1) Stimulating the nerves in the intestines and 2) work by lowering the surface tension, allowing more water to be absorbed into the stool