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Cell Cycle 1
Cell Cycle 2
Meiosis 1
Meiosis 2
Miscellaneous
100
What are the two types of cell division and type of cells do each produce?
What is Meiosis which leads to the production of gametes Mitosis which leads to the production of somatic cells
100
What is Rb? What checkpoint does it enforce and which phase does it keep the cell in?
Rb is a tumor suppression protein that prevents progression to the S phase Enforces G1 checkpoint, keeping the cell in G0 phase
100
At the end of meiosis I, one cell produces ______ cell(s) with _______ the number of chromosomes as the original cell undergoing meiosis.
2 cells; half the number of chromosomes
100
What is the major function of meiosis II and what are its inputs & outputs?
Function to split sister chromatids into full fledged separate chromsomes Ins: 2 haploid cells, each chromosome composed of sister chromatids Outs: 4 haploid cells, each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid
100
ABO blood groups in humans are considered what type of inheritance?
What is co-dominance
200
True or false? Is there any point in mitosis in which a human cell will have 46 chromosomes.
What is yes. After telophase the number of chromosomes in the cell will be doubled since this is the last phase of mitosis. It is not until cytokinesis when two separate cells will form and the chromosome number will return to normal.
200
MPF, cyclin, and cdk play a role in which cell cycle checkpoint? Explain how.
G2/M checkpoint As the cell moves through G2, cyclin specific to the G2/M cdk builds up in concentration and activates cdk (MPF – induces mitosis, consists of cdk and cyclin). For MPF to be active, one site on cdk must be phosphorylated and another dephosphorylated. Once MPF is active, it phosphorylates other kinases and other targets responsible for entry into M.
200
Gametes of different individuals combine to form offspring.
What is outcrossing?
200
What process(es) are unique to meiosis I that do not occur in meiosis II?
Crossing over (recombination) and independent assortment
200
How many pair of homologous chromosomes are in males and females.
What is Female =23, Male =22
300
A replicated chromosome consists of ____ attached at the ______ but is still considered _____ (how many chromosomes)
What is a. two sister chromatids b. centromere c. one chromosome
300
Describe the 4 checkpoints of the cell cycle
1. G1 (4 factors that determine whether cell passes: 1. cell size, 2. nutrient availability, 3. social signals from other cells, 4. health of DNA) 2. G2/M (if problem in chromosome replication or DNA damage, does not continue) 3. Start of anaphase (if chromosomes not attached to spindle apparatus in metaphase, does not continue) 4. Progression through anaphase (if chromosomes not fully separate in anaphase, cyclins not degraded so MPF stays active and prevents cell from exiting M phase)
300
During _______, homologs come together in a process called _______ resulting in a structure called a ______ or _______.
Early Prophase I; synapsis; bivalent or tetrad
300
A dad had a nondisjunction in meiosis II and a mom had a non-disjunction in meiosis I. Is there any chance that their offspring will have a normal number of chromosomes? What does this not guarantee?
Yes: n-1 & n+1 Dad: n, n, n+1, n-1 Mom: n+1, n+1, n-1, n-1 However, this does not guarantee that the non-disjunction would occur on the same chromosome. As a result, the product could be "monosomic" and "trisomic"
300
The mass of DNA per cell after completion of meiosis II is _____ the mass of DNA per normal somatic cell.
What is 1/2
400
Name the 4 steps of the cell cycle and describe them.
What is G1- organelles are synthesized and cytoplasm is made. The cell prepares for division. S- the chromosomes are replicated G2- same as G1, the cell prepares for division M- mitosis occurs
400
When does a cell have 92 chromosomes? A) During anaphase of meiosis I B) During anaphase of meiosis II C) During anaphase of Mitosis D) More than one of the above is correct
What is C
500
What are the two types of spindle fibers used in the spindle apparatus? And describe the two.
What is polar microtubules-push the poles of the cell away from each kinetochore microtubules-pull chromosomes to the poles of the cell
500
You isolate cells that have 1 1/2 more DNA then a cell in G1 phase. What phase are these cells in? A)S-phase B)G2 phase C) M-Phase D) more than one of the above are possible
What is A