Exam 5

Digestive System

100

Name two examples of fat-soluble vitamins and two examples of water-soluble vitamins 

Vitamin A, D, E and K are lipid-soluble vitamins.

Water-soluble vitamins include the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C.

200

What do the enzymes pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase have in common?

a. They are secreted and active within the stomach.
b. They are pancreatic enzymes.
c. They are secreted and active within the small intestine.
d. They are enzymes that participate in protein digestion.

d. They are enzymes that participate in protein digestion.

300

All of the following are found in saliva except:

a. mucin.

b. salivary amylase.

c. pepsin.

d. bicarbonate.

c. pepsin.

400

Which of the following nutrients are digested within the small intestine?

a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. carbohydrates
d. all of these choices

d. all of these choices

500

Which of the following lists structures in order from smallest to largest?

a. small intestine, folds, microvilli, villi 

b. villi, microvilli, folds, small intestine

c. microvilli, folds, villi, small intestine

d. microvilli, villi, folds, small intestine

d. microvilli, villi, folds, small intestine

Urinary System

100

Which structure is correctly paired with its function?

a. ureter: formation of urine
b. nephron: storage of urine
c. urethra: transport of urine
d. bladder: concentration of urine

c. urethra: transport of urin

200

How does ADH decrease the loss of water through the kidneys?

a. ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.

b. ADH decreases the amount of blood flowing through the kidneys.

c. ADH increases water reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

d. ADH decreases water excretion in the loop of Henle.

a. ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.

300

A Diuretic is a substance that increases urine excretion. An example of this would be:

a. Caffeine
b. Alcohol
c. Lasix
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

400

Which of the following indicates the correct order of the structures through which urine would pass during formation and excretion?

a. nephron, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

b. renal pelvis, ureter, nephron, urethra, bladder

c. nephron, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter

d. renal pelvis, nephron, ureter, bladder, urethra

a. nephron, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

500

List the four ways the kidneys help maintain homeostasis

• Helps maintain water balance, salt balance, Blood volume/blood pressure, Acid base balance
• Regulate RBC Production and erythropoietin
• Actives Vitamin D

Reproductive System

100

Which of the following hormones is/are involved in normal functioning of the male reproductive system?

a. Testosterone
b. LH
c. FSH
d. all of these choices

d. all of these choices

200

The ____________ stores sperm once they are mature

a. Testes
b. Epididymis
c. Seminiferous tubules
d. Ductus deferens

b. Epididymis

300

___________supports fertilized eggs and allows the uterine wall to shed during menstruation

a. Endometrium
b. Myometrium
c. Uterus
d. Cervix

a. Endometrium

400

Which of the following might interfere with a sperm’s ability to swim?

a. an acrosome with defective enzymes
b. a defective flagellum
c. a defective midpiece lacking an appropriate number of mitochondria
d. both choice (b) and (c)

d. both choice (b) and (c)

500

Which of the following statements about oocytes and ovulation is correct?

a. The production of primary oocytes continues in women from the onset of puberty until the onset of menopause.
b. Meiotic divisions are complete at the time of ovulation.
c. At ovulation, the structure released from the follicle includes a secondary oocyte and polar body.
d. All of these statements are correct.

c. At ovulation, the structure released from the follicle includes a secondary oocyte and polar body.

Extended Response/Definitions

100

Name and briefly describe the five processes used to accomplish the functions of the digestive system

• 1. Mechanical processing and movement via chewing and mixing using muscle tissues
• 2. Secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, bile, acid, alkali, mucus
• 3. Digestion includes chemical and mechanical breakdown food to the smallest absorbable units
• 4. Absorption of digested foods across epithelial cells lining the lumen into the blood or lymphatics
• 5. Elimination of undigested foods as part of the feces

200

Distinguish between hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

• CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. can be done at home, uses peritoneal cavity for waste, and ion removal, but has a higher risk of infection.
  
  
• Hemodialysis: requires visits to a dialysis center, blood is circulated through a kidney machine.

300

• Explain the steps in swallowing. Which is Voluntary and which is Involuntary?

• voluntary phase: tongue pushes bolus of food into pharynx (throat)
• involuntary phase: swallowing reflex
• The tongue moves the food into the pharynx (voluntary)
• Muscles keep the esophagus closed
• 2. Receptors in the pharynx stimulate the “swallowing reflex” (involuntary)
• Breathing is temporarily halted during this time
• 3. The soft palate rises to close off nasal cavities
• 4. Epiglottis closes off airways in the trachea
• The tongue is continuing to push food past the epiglottis and into the esophagus

400

segmentation

mixes food, saliva, digestive juices, and stomach acid

500

Excretion

processes that remove wastes and excess materials from the body