Congenital Neuro Defects
This supplement should be recommended to all women of childbearing age in order to protect against neural tube defects.
What is folic acid?
This condition is a degenerative disorder of the spinal cord that results in weakness and wasting of voluntary muscles. Respiratory muscles are weak, and death typically occurs by 3 years of age due to respiratory compromise.
What is SMA (spinal muscular atrophy)?
The bones of a child tend to ____ rather than break.
What is bow?
Name the "3 P's" symptoms of diabetes.
What is polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia?
Lasix 15 mg ordered IV. The drug label reads Lasix 20mg/2ml. How many mls would you administer?
1.5 mLs
The most common brain malformation - it is when the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is partially or completely missing.
What is agenesis of the corpus callousum?
What is sunsetting of the eyes and what causes it?
A downward deviation of the eyes due to increased CSF caused by hydrocephalus and/or shunt malfunction.
This medication is given for muscle spasms while the patient is in traction.
What is lorazepam?
With this condition, your body retains water, leading to hyponatremia, concentrated urine, and fluid overload.
What is SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)?
Order: Ampicillin IVPB for a child weighing 55 lbs at a dosage of 20 mg /kg/ day in 4 equally divided doses. How many mg are you giving per dose?
125 mg/dose
_______ results in an abnormal head shape due to the premature closure of the infant's sutures.
What is craniosynostosis?
Name 1 of the 2 signs that if positive, may indicate that a child has meningitis.
What are Kernig’s sign or Brudzinski’s sign?
Kernig’s sign can be demonstrated by having the child lie down on their back and have them flex the hip and knee 90 degrees. A positive sign is when pain prevents the child from extending the knee.
A positive Brudzinski’s sign is when flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the knee and hip.
With this congenital musculoskeletal abnormality, regular daily exercise should be encouraged, as it can help reduce pain, joint stiffness, and anxiety.
What is JIA (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis)?
This type of diagnostic test uses the left hand and wrist to determine the age of the child's bone in comparison with the child’s chronological age.
What is a bone age xray?
A 44 pound child is NPO prior to a procedure. IV fluids are ordered 20 ml/kg/day. What rate would the nurse program the pump to be per hour? Round to the nearest tenth.
16.7 ml/hr
This condition is diagnosed when an MRI shows an abnormal protrusion of the cerebellum to the spinal cord.
What is Chiari malformation?
Name one medication and route that it may given if a child is having a tonic-clonic seizure.
IV lorazepam, intranasal midazolam, rectal diazepam
Name at least 2/5 P's of compartment syndrome.
What is: pain, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis, and pale skin.
Polyuria, dehydration, and diluted urine are all symptoms of this endocrine disorder.
What is diabetes insipidus (DI)?
A child weighs 11.2 kg and has an order for Acyclovir 120 mg IV every 8 hours. The safe does range of Acyclovir is 25-50 mg/kg/day. Is this a safe dose?
Yes, safe dose range is 280 mg - 560 mg per day.
Child is getting 360 mg per day, so this is a safe dose.
This congenital malformation may be present at birth or may develop as the child grows but the head does not. Diagnosed when HC is more than 2 standard deviations below normal.
What is microcephaly?
Children who are not meeting developmental milestones, have hyper or hypotonia, and those who have experienced trauma or a CNS infection should be screened for what neuromuscular disorder?
What is CP (cerebral palsy)?
What is the name of the type of traction where buttocks are lifted slightly off the bed and hips at a 90-degree angle, and what is it used to correct?
What is Bryant's traction and hip dysplasia?
What is hydrocortisone (or fludrocortisone)?
*Remember that in CAH, your body does not produce cortisol*
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 320 mg PO every 12 hr to an infant. The amount available is amoxicillin suspension 400 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? Round to the nearest tenth.
4 ml