Brain
The fact that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body is explained by the
a) division of the cerebrum into two hemispheres.
b) division of the cerebellum into two hemispheres.
c) decussation of the pyramids in the medulla.
d) need for contra-lateral control of body function.
e) brainstem being below the midbrain.
c) decussation of the pyramids in the medulla.d) The epidural space.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?
a) Coordinate control of voluntary movements
b) Help in the maintenance of muscle tone
c) Control the heart rate
d) Control skeletal muscles to maintain balance
e) Control of posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination
c) Control the heart rate
Which of the following is a general sense?
a) Smell
b) Taste
c) Touch
d) Hearing
e) Vision
c) Touch
If you decide to "snap your fingers," the first neurons to be stimulated are the _________blank neurons.
a) association
b) premotor
c) postmotor
d) prefrontal
b) premotor
The type of brain waves observed in an individual who is awake but in a quiet resting state with eyes closed are _________blank waves.
a) alpha
b) beta
c) delta
d) theta
e) gamma
a) alpha
The pyramids of the medulla contain _________blank.
a) ascending motor tracts
b) descending motor tracts
c) ascending sensory tracts
d) descending sensory tracts
e) none of the choices are correct
b) descending motor tracts
Which component from the diencephalon contains the pineal gland?
a) subthalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) epithalamus
d) thalamus
c) epithalamus
If you feel someone touch you on the shoulder, the person has stimulated a/an _________ sense.
a) special
b) somatic
c) visceral
d) undifferentiated
e) None of the choices are correct.
b) somatic
A patient presented to her physician with a lack of muscle tone and coordination. She was unable to perform coordinated tasks, such as touching the tip of her finger to her nose. Which part of her brain did the physician conclude was damaged?
a) substantia nigra
b) the cerebellum
c) frontal lobe
d) midbrain
b) The cerebellum.
Long-term memory may involve
a) an influx of potassium ions into the neuron.
b) a change in the shape of the neuron's cytoskeleton.
c) forming a nerve plexus.
d) rearranging neurons in the brain.
b) a change in the shape of the neuron's cytoskeleton.
Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Midbrain
c) Pons
d) Thalamus
e) Reticular formation
d) Thalamus
Damage to the left occipital lobe would result in which of the following?
a) Numbness in the left side of the body
b) Loss of right visual field
c) Deafness in right ear
d) Inability to speak
b) Loss of right visual field
A state of conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called _________.
a) adaptation
b) projection
c) translation
d) perception
e) inclination
d) perception
The primary motor area
a) contains sensory neurons for the face in its inferior portion.
b) contains a smaller area for control of the hands than for control of the legs.
c) contains neurons that control smooth muscle.
d) contains more motor neurons for the thighs than the mouth.
e) contains a larger area for control of the hand and fingers than for control of the arm and elbow.
e) contains a larger area for control of the hand and fingers than for control of the arm and elbow.
In an ascending pathway, axons of the secondary neuron travel from the
a) receptor to the spinal cord.
b) receptor to the brain.
c) spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus.
d) thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
e) spinal cord to cerebellum.
c) spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus.
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
a) regulates autonomic nervous system functions
b) regulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary gland
c) regulates body temperature
d) regulates food intake and water intake
e) All of these are correct.
e) All of these are correct.
________ fibers connect cerebral hemispheres to each other.
A) Projection fibers
B) Association fibers
C) Commissural fibers
D) Lateral fibers
C) Commissural fibers
When a person is exposed to temperature extremes, why is it difficult to distinguish hot from cold objects?
a) Temperature perception requires more than one type of receptor.
b) Temperatures above 37 degrees centigrade actually stimulate the cold receptors.
c) At extremes, pain receptors are stimulated by both very hot and very cold objects.
d) Most temperature receptors cannot differentiate hot from cold.
e) Pain receptors are inhibited by both very hot and very cold objects.
c) At extremes, pain receptors are stimulated by both very hot and very cold objects.
Broca's area is necessary for
a) motivation.
b) understanding and formulating coherent speech.
c) processing visual images.
d) initiating the muscular movements of speech.
d) initiating the muscular movements of speech.
From the list, indicate three types of molecules that are permeable to the blood–brain barrier. (Choose all that apply)
a) All drugs
b) Caffeine
c) Glucose
d) Large proteins
e) Oxygen
b) caffeine
c) glucose
e) oxygen
A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?
a) The prefrontal lobe of the cerebrum
b) The frontal lobe of the cerebrum
c) The basal ganglia
d) The pyramids of the medulla oblongata
e) The cerebellum
e) The cerebellum
The basal nuclei function to
a) produce stiff, exaggerated movements.
b) assist the autonomic nervous system.
c) inhibit unwanted muscular activity.
d) control alertness.
e) store memory.
c) inhibit unwanted muscular activity.
During brain surgery, the superior portion of the primary somatic sensory cortex of a patient is stimulated. The patient is most likely to
a) flex his fingers.
b) talk to the surgeon.
c) smile.
d) feel something touching his back.
e) wiggle his toes.
d) feel something touching his back.
Various areas of the cortex form functional pathways to conduct action potentials necessary to perform specific functions. Arrange the areas below in proper sequence to accomplish reading a poem aloud.
(1) Visual association area
(2) Premotor area
(3) Broca area
(4) Primary motor area
(5) Wernicke area
(6) Visual cortex
a) 1, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2
b) 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
c) 6, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
d) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 3
e) 5, 4, 3, 6, 1, 2
b) 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
In short-term memory,
a) information is retained for less than a second.
b) the frontal lobe plays the most important role.
c) current information is lost when new information is presented.
d) there is increased synaptic activity by long-term potentiation.
e) there is consolidation of information.
d) there is increased synaptic activity by long-term potentiation.