Contracts+
contract manager and person
one party contract
tense and relax one body part at a time
PMR
self talk or thoughts; is covert (non observable by outside)
cognitive behavior
ignore the positive even when situation was largely positive
Disqualifying the positive
Identify the problem situation & the desirable beh. that is most appropriate for the situation. Identify the self-instructions to be used in the situation. Implement BST to teach the self-instructions (i.e. modeling + role play + feedback). Client learns to say the self-instructions & then immediately carry out the desirable behavior. Use the self-instructions in the problem situation as an SD to guide desirable beh.
Cognitive Coping Skills Training
two people want mutually beneficial change
two party contract
focus on words/image to remove attention from anxiety
attention focusing exercises
behavioral excess; existing maladaptive behavior contribute to problem
cognitive restructuring
Assume w/o supporting facts
Jumping to conclusions
Develop a problem solving orientation, Define the problem to be solved, Generate possible solutions through brain storming, Evaluate each potential solution & pick one to use, Put the plan into action and evaluate how it works. Repeat if needed.
Problem Solving Training
2 independent contracts; one for each party
parallel contract
replace anxiety w/ relaxation as client imagines the fear
Systemic Desensitization
behavioral deficit; person does not have cog. Behavior to cope effectively
Cognitive Coping skills
blow the negative out of proportion & minimize the importance of the positive
Magnification and Minimization
Identify the situation in which stress/anxiety occur and the stressor(s) present, Generate new coping self-statements to be used in different phases (Preparing for the stressor, Confronting the stressor, Being overwhelmed by the stressor, Praising self for coping with the stressor), Rehearse coping self-statements in role-plays of the difficult situation. Practice in progressively more stressful situations in the natural environment.
Stress Inoculation Training
Behavior change of one party acts as reinforcer for change in other party
Quid Pro Quo
maintain relaxation while approaching fear
in vivo
Everything is seen in terms of black/white
All or nothing thinking
put negative labels on events/self
labeling/mislabeling
Alternate Approach?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
client watches video or live modeling of approaching the fear
modeling
fully immerse in fear until fear subsides
flooding
single negative event is taken as evidence that something is all bad or is always going to be bad
overgeneralization
assume responsibility for occurrence of negative events
Peronalization