GI System
What causes stool to turn a dark reddish black?
Upper GI bleeding
What is stress incontinence?
The loss of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as sneezing or laughing.
What device encourages deep breathing to prevent post-op atelectasis?
Incentive Spirometer
What is anticipatory grief?
Grieving that occurs before an actual loss, often experienced by patients and their families facing terminal illness.
What is the importance of assessing a patient's spirituality?
It helps provide, holistic care and supports the patient's coping mechanisms and decision-making.
What do bulk-forming laxatives do?
Absorbs water into the stool, increasing bulk and stimulating peristalsis
What does cloudy, foul-smelling urine typically indicate?
A Urinary Tract Infection
What three indicators that a post-op patient can safely have fluids and food?
Return of bowel sounds, absence of nausea or vomiting, and evidence of passing gas or stool.
What is the "death rattle" and what causes it?
A gurgling sound caused by secretions in the throat or airway as the patient loses the ability to clear them.
How can you support a Muslim patient's spiritual needs?
Provide space for prayer, ensure access to Halal food, and accommodate modesty requirements during care.
What are three signs of fecal impaction?
Liquid stool leakage, abdominal distention, and a palpable hard mass during a rectal exam
What is the best nursing action if a post-op patient is unable to void after Foley catheter removal?
Perform a bladder scan to assess for retention and notify the provider if it exceeds 400-500 mL
What is the immediate nursing action if a post-op dressing has bright red blood?
Apply direct pressure to the site, elevate the legs, and notify the provider
What is a priority nursing intervention for a patient refusing to eat at the end of life?
How might spirituality impact a patient's decision making about medical care?
They may influence choices about life-sustaining treatments, organ donation, or use of certain medications.
What is the recommended first-line treatment for mild constipation?
Bulk-forming laxatives (Psyllium or Metamucil) combined with increased hydration and dietary fiber.
A patient on diuretics is complaining of muscle cramps. What might this indicate?
Low Potassium Levels (Hypokalemia)
What should the nurse monitor for a post-op patient with COPD?
Signs of atelectasis, impaired gas exchange, and increased mucus production.
What is the nurse's role in post-mortem care?
Clean the body, position it respectfully, consult family for rituals, and document all actions taken.
Why is it important to involve family in the care of a dying patient?
Family presence provides emotional support and helps the patient find closure.
What are three complications of prolonged diarrhea?
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and skin breakdown in the perineal area.
What nursing intervention helps prevent skin breakdown in a patient with urinary incontinence?
Clean and dry the perineal area promptly and use barrier creams to protect the skin.
Why is early mobilization critical for post-op patients?
It prevents complications like DVT, pneumonia, and pressure ulcers
What are two signs of complicated grief?
Intense distress lasting more than six months and inability to function in daily life.
What are common rituals for a Muslim patient at the end of life?
Recitation of the Shahada, washing the body, and burial within 24 hours.