Peripheral Nervous System
What kind of stimuli is associated with nociceptors?
Pain
What are most sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions classified as?
Antagonistic
Which cranial nerve carries signals from smells to the brain?
Olfactory nerve (CN1)
Which category of taste sensation would citrus fall under?
Sour
What condition is described as ringing, buzzing, or clicking in the ears?
Tinnitus
What is the term for an area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve?
Dermatome
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?
Alpha and beta
What two properties are used to describe sound?
Amplitude and frequency
Which kind of sensory receptors help with kinesthetic awareness?
Proprioceptors
What are the two kinds of cholinergic receptors?
Nicotinic and muscarinic
Which reflex test consists of running a blunt object from heel to toe along the lateral aspect of the plantar fascia (foot)?
Babinski's Test
Which type of cholinergic receptor always has excitatory effects?
Nicotinic
What is the name for painful inflammation of any sebaceous glands at the base of an eyelash?
Stye
Which region of the ear contains the auditory ossicles?
Middle ear/tympanic cavity
What kind of sensory receptors go unnoticed in day-to-day life unless there’s discomfort/something wrong?
Interoceptors/Visceroceptors
Which arm nerve provides cutaneous reception for the skin of the pinky and ring finger (think about bones!)?
Ulnar Nerve
Where are ganglia located in the sympathetic branch of the ANS?
Near the spinal cord
What is the retina’s area with the highest concentration of rods and cones?
Macula lutea
What does the body do on the contralateral side of the body during the withdrawal/flexor reflex?
Performs an extensor movement to keep balance
If a postganglionic neuron is releasing acetylcholine, what branch of the ANS is it associated with?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What spinal reflex component conducts efferent impulses from the CNS to the effector organ?
Motor neuron
Which drug binds to muscarinic ACh receptors to help treat glaucoma?
Pilocarpine
Which ear pathology is caused by viruses or bacteria and is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children?
Otitis media
Which type of adrenergic receptor promotes vasodilation and bronchodilation and increases heart rate, heart contraction, and metabolism?
Beta
What kind of head movements do utricle maculae monitor?
Horizontal head movements (forward/backward)