Nervous Tissue
Which neurotransmitter plays a role in sleep, appetite, nausea, migraines, and mood, and can be controlled by medications called SSRIs?
Serotonin
What are the two catecholamines?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Longitudinal fissure
What term is used to describe the shallow grooves of the brain?
Sulci/sulcus
What principle states that membrane potential must attain or exceed a threshold potential for signal/stimulus to be transmitted?
All-Or-Nothing Principle
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division
What kind of synapse is responsible for the release and reception of neurotransmitters?
Chemical synapses
Which sensory area of the cerebral cortex receives and integrates information from the inner ear to regulate balance?
Vestibular cortex
What is the white matter of the spinal cord composed of?
Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers
What is the name for obstruction blocking CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) circulation or drainage, causing increased pressure in the head?
Hydrocephalus
During which stage do sodium channels open and potential rises to +30mV in an action potential?
Depolarization
What is the term for the fixed amount of time from when sodium channels open until they reset?
Absolute Refractory Period
Which area of the cerebral cortex crosses over into the diencephalon and encompasses parts of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala?
Limbic Association Area
What is the name for the group of conditions affecting the cerebellum’s control over movement and posture?
Cerebral Palsy
Which division of the PNS controls involuntary smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
Motor (efferent) division
What are the three overlapping functions of the nervous system?
Sensory input (afferent), integration, and motor output (efferent)
What four kinds of glial cells are in the CNS?
Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells
Which sensory area of the cerebral cortex is posterior to the gustatory cortex and responsible for sensations like having a full stomach or bladder?
Visceral Sensory Area
What is spatial discrimination?
The body's ability to identify its position in space and what region is being stimulated
Which part of the diencephalon is a major waypoint for sensory information going to the cerebral cortices?
Thalamus
What is summative property?
Multiple graded potentials (stimuli) can add together to generate a large stimulus
What happens when the ligand-gated ion channels on a postsynaptic membrane open?
Generation of short-lived, localized graded potentials
Which portion of the midbrain (on the brain stem) controls head movement in response to visual and/or auditory stimuli?
Corpora quadrigemina
Which sensory area of the cerebral cortex uses sensory input from the S1 to help sense size, texture, and relationship of parts of objects?
Somatosensory Association Area
Which spinal cord disorder consists of the ventral horn motor neurons gradually deteriorating and wasting away?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)